ConceptNet: A Wonderful Semantic World
By
Bijoy Arif
The Development of the Space-Time View of
Quantum Electrodynamics
“We have a habit in writing articles published in
scientific journals to make the work as finished
as possible, to cover all the tracks, to not worry
about the blind alleys or to describe how you
had the wrong idea first, and so on. So there
isn't any place to publish, ...”
Richard P. Feynman, Noble Lecture
Presentation Plan
Part 1
1. Introduction
2. Background Knowledge
3. ConceptNet and Its Counterparts
Part 2
4. Building of ConceptNet
5. Structure of ConceptNet
6. Applications of ConceptNet
7. Present ConceptNet
Presentation Plan (cont...)
Part 3
8. ConceptNet in Windows
9. ConceptNet Modules
10. Demo of ConceptNet
11. Quick Review
12. My View of ConceptNet
Part 1
Introduction: What is ConceptNet?
> ConceptNet is a semantic network to
give common sense
knowledge(concept) to machine.
> Simply means a tool so that
computers can understand daily
usage English.
Features
> Python based SQL toolkit
> Maintain Semantic Network
> Acquire data from Open Mind Common Sense
Corpus
> Till now Open Source
Origin and Creators
> Originated in MIT Media Lab
> First Appeared as The ConceptNet Project v2.1
>Introduced by
Hugo Liu
Push Singh
Ian Eslick
Background Knowledge:
What is Semantic Network?
> A network represents semantic relation between
concepts.
> Semantics is the meaning of something focuses
on relation between signifiers like words,
phrases, signs or symbols.
> Here Concepts means some abstract objects.
> In Computer Science terminology, It is a
directed or undirected graph consisting of
vertices, which represent concepts, and edges.
What is Open Mind Common Sense
Corpus?
> Open Mind Common Sense (OMCS) is an
artificial intelligence project based at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Media Lab whose goal is to build and utilize a
large commonsense knowledge base from the
contributions of many thousands of people
across the Web.
> Unlike common corpus like British National
Corpus, International Corpus of English
Relation between OMCS and
ConcepNet
> The project is brainchild of Marvin Minsky, Push
Singh, Catherine Havasi and others. Eventually
they contributed to ConceptNet
> ConceptNet is a semantic network based on the
information in the OMCS database.
Simply saying, OMCS is the core of ConceptNet.
ConceptNet and Its counterparts
> Two other popular Natural Language Processing
toolkit like ConceptNet are:
WordNet
Cyc
> ConceptNet project is inspired by these two
projects.
WordNet and Cyc
> WordNet is large lexical database, initiated in
Princeton University in mid 1980s by George A.
Miller, to provide meaning and relation of
English words.
> Cyc is started by Cycorp Company in 1984 to
create common sense knowledge in a
formalized logical framework.
Similarity and Difference
> ConceptNet is the combination of WordNet like
structure and Cyc like relation.
> Extended WordNet's notion of node and
repertoire in semantic network.
> WordNet and Cyc are handcrafted by
knowledge engineers but ConceptNet is OMCS
corpus based, not manually handcrafting
commonsense knowledge.
Similarity and Difference (cont...)
> WordNet has a lexical emphasis and employs a
formal taxonomic approach.
> Cyc represents commonsense in a formalized
logical framework means it excels in careful
deductive reasoning.
> ConceptNet represents contextual common
sense reasoning over real world texts.
Part 2
Building of ConceptNet
ConceptNet's extraction rules from semistructured OMCS:
> Extraction Phase
> Normalization Phase
> Relaxation Phase
Building of ConceptNet (cont...)
> approximately fifty extraction rules are used to
map OMCS's English sentences into
ConceptNet binary relation assertion.
> Extracted Nodes are also normalized.
> Relaxation means to smooth over semantic
gaps and improve the connectivity of network.
Structure of ConceptNet
> K Lines (1.25 million assertions)
> Things (52,000 assertions)
> Agents (104,000 assertions)
> Events (38,000 assertions)
> Spatial (36,000 assertions)
> Causal (17,000 assertions)
> Functional (115,000 assertions)
> Affective (34,000 assertions)
Structure of ConceptNet (cont...)
Overall semantic network contains:
> 1.6 millions assertions
> over 300,000 nodes
Applications of ConceptNet
> Commonsense ARIA
> Goose
> MakeBelieve
> GloBuddy
> AAA- a profiling and recommendation system
and many more
Present ConceptNet
> Originally initiated as ConceptNet 2
> It is no longer maintained
> Then ConceptNet 3 was introduced
> Now ConceptNet 5 is available
> Developed by
Rob Speer
Catherine Havasi and
Many others
Part 3
ConceptNet in Windows
> Using ConceptNet in Linux or Mac is very easy
> But in Windows, need bag of tricks
> Need a way to use others SQL database in
Python
ConceptNet in Windows (cont...)
Need to download
> Any Python Machine
> ConceptNet.tar.gz
> csc-util.tar.gz
> Django.tar.gz
> Simplenlp.tar.gz
ConceptNet Modules
Http://csc.media.mit.edu/docs/conceptnet/concept
net4.html
ConceptNet Demo
>>> It is time to visit wonderful world
Quick Review
> Initiated as ConceptNet 2
> MIT Media Lab is Place of Birth
> Use OMCS Corpus to create, maintain and
develop ConceptNet
> Maintain a large database brilliantly
> Combination of WordNet like structure and Cyc
like relation
> Now ConceptNet 5 is available
My View of ConceptNet
> OMCS should be open source as well.
> Must have a way to interact with OMCS to
change, develop, acquire data.
> ConceptNet have a way to update its database
directly from interactive OMCS.
> Overall it is a nice world.
Thank You
References
[1] ConceptNet-a practical commonsense
reasoning toolkit by H Liu and P Singh
[2]Http://csc.media.mit.edu/docs/conceptnet/conc
eptnet4.html
Questions????