Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
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Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Get
Started

Think of a corn cell that is genetically
modified to contain the Bt gene and a
corn cell that is not modified.
◦ In what ways are the cells similar?
◦ In what ways are the cells different?
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Get
Started

What is the relationship between DNA
and proteins in a cell?
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Introduction
Read the introduction.



Protein synthesis is the process in which
a cell makes a protein. It has two phases.
Transcription is the first phase, where
DNA is converted into mRNA.
Translation is the second phase, where
the mRNA is converted to tRNA and a
protein molecule is assembled.
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Challenge

How does a cell make proteins
with the information from DNA?
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Procedure
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Procedure

As you view the simulation, be sure to
correct the order of the Transcription and
Translation cards, as needed.
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Procedure
The correct card order is:

D, F, E, J, A, H, B, G, C, I
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Procedure

Try different sorts of insertions, deletions,
substitutions, and frameshifts to see if you
can determine what the effects of various
mutations are.
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Procedure
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Follow Up
Analysis 1

Define protein synthesis and describe how
it works.
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Follow Up
Analysis 2

Copy the chart from the student book in
your science notebook. Fill in the chart to
determine the amino acid sequence that
results from the transcription and
translation of the following nucleotide
sequence:
5’ TACTCGGCATTGTGA 3’
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Follow Up
Analysis 4

One night while watching TV you hear a
newscaster say, “DNA mutations cause
damaged proteins.” Based on your work in
Part B, how would you respond to this
claim?
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Revisit the
Challenge

How does a cell make proteins
with the information from DNA?
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Key
Vocabulary






amino acid
DNA
mRNA
mutation
protein
protein
synthesis
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation




replication
RNA
transcription
translation