Three-Dimensional
(3D) Instructional
Media
What is a ThreeDimensional (3D)
Instructional Media?
It display an additional
quality that appeals to the
sense of touch – that is, a
tactual quality.
Their most important
characteristic is their idea
that they are to be handled
by students to further
assist them in formulating
more legitimate concepts
about things.
Three-dimensional
materials are very useful in
the event that real-life
materials are impossible to
be brought in the
classroom to provide
students with certain
amount of direct,
purposeful, rich, and
meaningful learning
experience in accordance
with Dale’s “Cone of
Experience”.
Objects and Specimen
Models and Mock-Ups
DIORAMA
PUPPETS
Resource Person as an Instructional
Medium
Objects and Specimen
Objects are concrete materials such
as plants, animals, tools, and
artifacts used in providing direct
experience.
Specimen is a part or aspect of some
item that is typical sample of the
character of others in its same class
or group. Specimens enable us to
learn many things that would
otherwise be unobtainable.
Objects and specimens enable us to
build generalizations that would
otherwise cost prohibitive amounts
of time and effort.
Advantages &
Limitations
Points in Using Specimen
and Obects in Teaching
Advantages
• These are less abstract and more concrete.
• It attracts students’ attention.
• Students become more familiar with objects.
Limitations
• They need bigger storage.
• They are prone to possible damage.
• Some objects have limitation in availability
and may not be easy to find.
The following are some points to consider in using
specimen and objects for teaching:
• Develop a purpose for using them.
• Provide opportunities to pupils to work or to
manipulate the specimens so that they can
consider concepts, process and principles by
themselves.
• Present just enough specimens or objects at a
time so as not to overwhelm the students/pupils.
• Present the materials in a dramatic way so as to
arouse and sustain the interest of the
student/pupils.
Models and Mock-Ups
Definitions
Varied Purposes of Models
Types of Models
Advantages
Limitations
Models
• Models are modified real things – reproductions
of costly or delicate items that can be provided at
reasonable cost and are safe to use.
• They are replicas of real objects which may be
larger or smaller than the real thing.
• Models are excellent for teaching concepts about
things that are three-dimensional and concrete in
nature.
• They can be made to show interior views of
objects, and they can be simplified to any extent
desired in order that the basic concept
represented may be communicated most
adequately.
Mocks-up
• A mock-up is an arrangement of a real device
or associated devices, displayed in a such way
that representation of reality is created.
• The mock-up may be simplified in order to
emphasize certain features.
• It is also considered as a special model where
the parts of a model are singled out,
heightened and magnified in order to focus on
the part or process under study.
Varied Purposes of Models
• When real objects are too small or
too large to bring into the classroom.
• To present subject matter involving
the past and the future.
• Physical inaccessibility.
• Abstract constructions.
• To explain processes.
Types of Models
• Solid Models. They are used mainly for
recognizing external features as in the case of
globes and puppets
• Cross-section Model/Cut-away Models. They
show the internal structures such as that of a tree
showing the pith and other internal parts.
• Construction Models. They are models which can
be assembled and disassembled to show
relationship of parts to whole.
• Working Models. They indicate how the things
being represented operate.
Advantages
• Allow learner to examine model or mock-up which may
not be easy in the real object.
• Functioning model/mock-up allows learner to handle and
operate.
• Create high interest and permit close up observation of
how it works.
• Can provide learning experiences that real objects cannot
provide.
• Working models can illustrate basic operations of a real
device and provide important details.
• Allow learner to independently study the item at their
own convenience.
• Make classroom discussion more effective.
Limitations
•
•
•
•
They require tedious work.
They are expensive.
They might distort some real concepts.
Some models which are too heavy or too big
may be difficult for actual lecture.
DIORAMA
The term Diorama is of Greek
origin which means “to see
through”. Diorama is a threedimensional representation of
events, ideas or concepts against
a scenic background.
It is also known as a meaningful
exhibit in boxes or cases, which
are portable.
It is a miniature scene in threedimensional treatment that is
meant to replicate reality and
cause students to think creatively
and aesthetically.
Four Principal Parts of
Diorama
Advantages and Limitations
Four principal parts of dioramas
• The case or stage.
• The printed background.
• The three-dimensional middle and
foreground.
• The figures, constructions, and modeled
objects that are placed in the case.
Advantages
• They have intrinsic value.
• They allow us to compare past and present
conditions.
• They help us make connections to the real
world.
• It develops students’ creativity.
• It can be viewed, handled, and examined by
students.
• It adds interest and meaning to the lesson.
Limitations
• It demands a bigger space in the classroom in
terms of use and storage.
• It is generally expensive.
• It is easily damaged.
PUPPETS
Definition
Advantages
Limitations
Types of Puppet
Principles in Choosing
a Puppet Play for
Teaching
Definition
• Puppets are artificial figures whose movements
are controlled by a person.
• The person who operates them is called a
puppeteer.
• Puppets are moved by hand or by strings, wires,
or rods. Puppet figures are made to represent a
person, animal, plant, or an object.
• A puppet can become the medium through which
the children express themselves, often in role
playing fashion. Puppets can assist the child in
assuming the role of the character that he is
portraying
Shadow
Puppets
Rod
Puppets
Hand
Puppets
Glove-andFinger
Puppets
Marionettes
Shadow Puppets
They are two-dimensional in nature,
normally controlled by rods that are
much thinner than the typical ones
that are used to support the rod
puppet. This type of puppet makes use
of a translucent screen (rear-view
screen) and light source for its
effective use.
Rod Puppets
They are flat cut out figures tacked
to a stick, with one or more movable
parts, and operated from below the
stage level by wire rods or slender
sticks.
Hand Puppets
This type of puppet is made to slip over
the hand like a glove. The puppet’s head
is operated by the forefinger of the
puppeteer, the little finger and thumb are
being used to animate the puppet hands.
Glove-and-finger Puppets
They make use of old gloves
to which small costumed
figure are attached.
Marionettes
These puppets are suspended and controlled by a number of strings,
plus sometimes a central rod attached to a control bar held from
above by the puppeteer. The control bar can be either a horizontal or
vertical one. Basic strings for operation are usually attached to the
head, back, hands (to control the arms) and just above the knee (to
control the legs). These are generally constructed of wood with
articulating joints that replicate those of human beings. This form of
puppetry is complex and sophisticated to operate, requiring greater
manipulative control than a finger, glove or rod puppet.
Advantages
• They boost active participation among
students.
• Stirring and attention getting.
• Fascination of the inanimate objects.
• Enjoyable and spontaneous learning
experiences.
• Students become more creative.
Limitations
•
•
•
•
It is time-consuming.
It is expensive
It demands extra effort.
It can compete with the teacher.
Principles in Choosing a Puppet Play for Teaching
• Do not use puppets for plays that can be done
just as well or better by another dramatic means.
• Puppets play must be based on action rather than
words.
• Keep the plays short to ensure success.
• Do not omit the possibilities of music and dancing
as part of the puppet show.
• Adapt the puppet show in all respects to your
audience.
• Do not hesitate to adapt the puppet play.
Resource Person as an Instructional
Medium
Definition
Things to be considered in inviting
and using a resource speaker
Introducing the Speaker/s
Things to remember when invited
as a Resource Speaker
When delivering the talk
Advantages & Limitations
Definitions
• A resource person is someone
invited to talk about something.
He or she is experienced or
knowledgeable with and is
capable of sharing what he or she
knows.
• Engage the expert.
• Clarify the purposes of the visit.
• The subject is of educational relevance and
value to the students in that class.
• The speaker (s) will not tend to disrupt the
educational program.
• The information to be discussed is appropriate
to the age and maturity of the students.
• Prepare the class.
• The teacher is to remain in the classroom
throughout the presentation in order to
ensure appropriate follow-up.
The following should be remembered in introducing
speakers:
• Thoroughly prepare what you are going to say
• Follow the TIS formula
T- stands for topics or the exact title of the
speaker’s talk.
I- stands for the importance of the topic.
S- stands for the speaker. It includes the speaker’s
outstanding qualifications, particularly those that
relate to the topic.
• Announce the speaker’s name distinctly and
clearly.
• Be enthusiastic about the speaker.
Things to remember when invited as a Resource
Speaker:
• Restrict your subject to fit the time at your
disposal.
• Arrange your ideas in sequence.
• Enumerate your points as you make them.
• Compare the strange with the familiar.
• Turn in fact into the picture.
• Avoid technical terms.
• Use the appropriate media.
• Speak with contagious enthusiasm.
• Show respect and affection for your audience.
• Begin in a friendly way
When delivering the talk
• Crash thoroughly your shell of selfconsciousness.
• Don’t try to imitate others – be yourself.
• Converse with your audience.
• Put your heart into your speaking.
• Practice making your voice strong and flexible.
Advantages
• Less preparation on the part of the teacher.
• Thorough discussion of the topic.
• It might add enthusiasm to the audience if the
speaker is good.
Limitations
• Hassle in searching for the suitable speaker.
• It might confuse the audience if the speaker is
not good enough.
• Less enthusiasm from the audience if the speaker
is boring.
THANK YOU 