What do we know?
 On this date in history . . .
 Now that you’ve taken your first unit assessment,
what did you learn?
 What was the ‘right’ answer?
 Where do we go from here?
 Homework: Prepare for the reassessment or chill.
1908 - Ford Model T – the Tin Lizzie
1910 – LA Times building bombed
1962 – James Howard Meredith –
registered at the University of
Mississippi
1971 – Walt Disney
World Resort in
Orlando, FL, opens
1982 – Epcot opens
1962 – first
broadcast
with
Johnny Carson
1982 – Cyanide Poisoning
1976 – Swine Flu
Fever instigates
largest
immunization
effort
What did you learn?
 Knowing what your know now, what pieces of
advice would you give yourself?
 How will you prepare next time? The same?
Differently?
The Right Answers
Explain three contributions the Greeks and three contributions
the Romans made to democracy using the following terms –
government, democracy, aristocracy, citizen, direct democracy,
republic, senate, Solon, Cleisthenes, Pericles and Justinian.
Greeks

Solon – first Athenian to set the stage





Cleisthenes – father of democracy



classes based on wealth not heredity
outlawed slavery based on debt
Citizen = free adult male
Council of 400
Council of 500
citizens could submit laws
Pericles – ruled during the Golden
Age

paid public officials to be in office;
paid jury members to serve
Romans
 Twelve Tables – laws were
written down
 Republic – democratic
gov’t through reps
 Senate – reps based on
wealth
 Emperor Justinian
 four new volumes of law,
precedents and instruction
on how to use it
Explain two contributions the traditions and teachings of
Judaism, Christianity and Islam each made to democracy.
 Judaism




believed that God wished for them to live moral lives
believed that each individual had a divine spark and dignity simply
by being a child of God
believed human beings had moral freedom - the capacity to choose
between good and evil
Ten Commandments
 Christianity (Xtianity)


New Testament included Jesus’s teachings about how to treat fellow
human beings
stressed the essential equality of all human beings, a belief central to
democracy
 Islam



emphasized the dignity of all human beings, brotherhood of people
religion requires followers to give to charity and to help those in need
rulers are to obey the same laws as those they rule
Using the following explain the ‘evolution’ of democracy as
experienced by the English.

Magna Carta (1215)


Model Parliament (1295)


said that citizens had the right to know why they were being arrested
the accused have rights
the establishment of a constitutional monarchy (1689)


the monarchy is not in complete control
unjust rulers will be ‘dealt with’
the Habeas Corpus Act (1679)



first representative body that consults and gives advice to the monarchy
execution of King Charles I (1649)



King John signed it and monarchs had to acknowledge that there are laws that must be
followed
monarchs must follow and obey the law
the English Bill of Rights (1689)

citizens have rights and the government must acknowledge and protect those rights
Explain the contributions to democratic philosophy each of these
Enlightenment thinkers made -
 Thomas Hobbes


wrote Leviathan
people are greedy and selfish and
need an authoritarian gov’t to
control them
 John Locke




wrote Two Treatises of
Government
people are reasonable and tolerant
people should be free to practice
their religion
the right to’ life, health, liberty, or
possessions’
 Voltaire


freedom of religion, freedom of
expression, free trade and
separation of church and state
advocate for social reform
 Jean-Jacques Rousseau


wrote The Social Contract
people should be in direct control
of their gov’t
 Baron de Montesquieu


wrote The Spirit of the Laws
emphasized the 3 branches of the
gov’t – the separation of power
For each of the next . . .
 questions in section three, you must first include the
information mentioned in section two.
 THEN, you add the information on the following
slides.
Comparing and Contrasting the Greeks and Romans to the US
system of governing – Which characteristic of the government
under the Roman Republic had the greatest impact on the
democratic tradition as we experience it today in the US? Which
characteristic under Greek rule?
Greek
 Council of 400/500
 Senate and House of
Representatives
 Citizens could submit laws
 Propositions in CA
 Paying public officials
 US President - $400,000
 US Senator - $174,000
Roman
 Republic
 Written Law
 US Constitution
 State Constitutions
While Thomas Jefferson famously wrote of a “wall of separation
between church and state,” religious tradition obviously
influenced the writing of government laws. How does a
democratic government, like the US, balance that tradition?
 Democracy’s strength lies in its people.
 US Constitution – First Amendment
 freedom of religion
 Federal laws that prohibit murder
 14th Amendment – Due Process Clause – all citizens must
be treated equally before the law
 Civil Rights Acts and 19th Amendment – extended the
right to vote to all adults
 Public schools may not preach that one religion is better,
but they may teach about any religion.
The Enlightenment thinkers wrote about the different ways they
thought society should be governed. They were influenced by
the time and place in which they lived and the natural laws of the
Scientific Revolution they studied. Briefly explain how each of
the five ‘thinkers’ were influenced by their experience and what
philosophical conclusions they came to because of it.
 Hobbes lived during England’s civil war and the
Commonwealth under a dictator, Oliver Cromwell.
 Locke lived during the restoration of the monarchy and the
ongoing struggle to determine just how much authority
monarchs had.
 Voltaire lived during the reigns of absolute monarchs in
France just prior to the French Revolution.
 Rousseau was greatly influenced by both Britain, France and
his own home in Switzerland living during the time period
just before the American and French Revolution.
 Montesquieu was a contemporary of Voltaire and
consequently had the same influences.
Where do we go from
here?