Who was to blame for The
Cold War ?
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Paper One – 2 Hours
The Big Picture
Part One – 50 mins
Section B – The Cold War
1945 -75
Who was to blame for the
Cold War?
Who won the Cuban
Missile Crisis?
Why did the USA fail in
Vietnam?
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Part Two 70 mins
Depth Study – Causes and Events
of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Why was there increasing tension
between the Great Powers, 1890–
1914?
Why did the First World War break
out in 1914?
What happened on the Western
Front?
How important were the other
fronts?
The Cold War
• Why did the USA-USSR
alliance begin to break down
in 1945?
• How had the USSR gained
control of Eastern Europe by
1948?
• How did the USA react to
Soviet expansionism?
• Who was more to blame for
the start of the Cold War, the
USA or the USSR?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTOQU
nvI3CA
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Copy down this definition
A cold War is a state of political
tension and military rivalry between
nations that stops short of full-scale
war
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Why did the USA-USSR alliance
begin to break down in 1945?
Lesson Objectives
• To understand the difference
between Communism and
Capitalism
• To apply this to causes of the
Cold War
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
• Communism - A theoretical economic system
characterized by the collective ownership of
property and by the organization of labor for the
common advantage of all members.
• Capitalism - An economic system in which the
means of production and distribution are
privately or corporately owned and development
is proportionate to the accumulation and
reinvestment of profits.
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Why did the USA-USSR alliance
begin to break down in 1945?
V
I’m John the
Capitalist
I’m Alexander the
Communist
Your challenge





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Decide who would have said each statement, John or
Alexander.
Look at the two sets of statements, what are the advantages
and disadvantages of John’s life
Look at the two sets of statements, what are the advantages
and disadvantages of Alexander’s life
Whose life is better do you think? Refer to two statements as
supporting evidence
Why do you think the differences between Capitalism and
Communism may have contributed to the start of the Cold
War?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
Using page 69
• Draw this table in your book.
Sort the key facts about each
country to match each of the
3 sections (Elections,
Industry, Individual Rights)
• Pick out your top 3 reasons
why the 2 countries will be
suspicious of each other.
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USSR
Elections
Industry
Individual
Rights
USA
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
• Write a sentence
explaining what the
difference is between
communism and
capitalism
• Now write another
sentence explaining why
the USA was worried
about communism
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Why did the USA-USSR alliance
begin to break down in 1945?
Lesson Objectives
• To understand what changed
between Britain, the USA and
the USSR after the end of the
war
• To find out why they
mistrusted each other
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
What other questions do I have?
What else do I need to know to explain this source?
What do I know already that helps explain this source?
What can I learn from this source?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Are you surprised by the source?
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
What is the message of this Source ?
Nature
Origin
Purpose
MESSAGE
Own Knowledge
(A British Cartoon from 1941 with the
caption, “love conquers all”)
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So are the 3 nations friends or allies ?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in
1945?
• What is the message of
Source 2 ? (A British Cartoon
from 1941 with the caption, “love
conquers all”)
• So are the 3 nations
friends or allies ?
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
• Lesson Objectives
• To understand the
reasons for the Yalta
Conference
• To learn about the
tensions and suspicions
that were surfacing at
that Conference and the
main concerns of the 3
big powers
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
What is the purpose of this source?
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A Publicity photo of the three leaders
at the Yalta Conference Feb 1945
Who was to blame for the Cold War?
What is the message of this Source ?
Nature
Origin
Purpose
MESSAGE
Own Knowledge
A Publicity photo of the three leaders
at the Yalta Conference Feb 1945
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So are the 3 nations friends or allies ?
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
• In February 1945 Germany was losing the war;
the 3 leaders of Britain, the USA and the USSR
met at Yalta to plan what would happen to
Europe after Germany was defeated.
• Conference Yalta
• Use page 70 to complete a table about the
decisions that were taken at this conference.
• Then decide if there were any tensions over
these decisions.
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
The Yalta Conference
Decisions Decisions Decisions Decisions Other
about
about
about
about
Decisions
Germany the USSR Poland
the UNO
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break
down in 1945?
Eastern
Soviet
zone
• After World War 2, America,
Britain, France and the
Soviet Union could not agree
on how to govern Germany.
3 western
zones
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Berlin, also divided
into 4 zones but in the
centre of the Soviet
zone
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
• How far do you think the
decision to divide
Germany would cause
problems in the future?
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
• Behind the Scenes at Yalta
• Use the source packs to complete the sheets
about each country.
• What tensions have you found ?
• Think back to the photo of the 3 leaders – is it a
true representation of their relationship?
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
• Lesson Objectives
• To understand the
disagreements at the
Potsdam Conference
• To learn more about the
breakdown in relations
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
Watch this clip about the background to the Potsdam conference;
what does it reveal about the disagreements between the USA and
the USSR ?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpYCplyBknI
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
Page 74
• Before the Potsdam
Conference 3 changes
had taken place since
Yalta that might affect
relations between the
USA and the USSR.
• Use page 74 to find and
explain these 3 changes
Before the
Conference
1. Stalin`s
Armies
2. New
President
3. New Weapon
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Will it make it
easier or more
difficult to
reach
decisions?
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in
1945?
• At the Conference there
were disagreements.
• Use page 75 to identify
what each country
wanted.
• Why could the 2
countries not agree ?
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What
What the
the USA USSR
wants
wants
Germany
Reparations
Soviet Policy
Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in
1945?
MESSAGE
Evidence from source
Own Knowledge
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Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
• From page 75 list the
places in Europe where
Communist governments
existed.
• Listen to Churchill`s
speech then explain the
message of the cartoon.
•
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jva
x5VUvjWQ
Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in
1945?
• What key events have allowed relations to deteriorate by 1945 ?
Look at the list and decide on the order of importance.
Difference in ideologies
Suspicion of Russian intentions
Truman replacing Roosevelt
Communist governments in eastern Europe
The threat of the atomic bomb
Complete the following paragraph – By the end of the
Potsdam Conference relations between the USA and
the USSR were not good becausewww.historytl.com
Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in
1945?
MESSAGE
Evidence from source
Own Knowledge
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in
1945?
Are you surprised by this
source ? Use the source
and your
own knowledge to explain
your answer
A Publicity photo of the three leaders
at the Potsdam Conference July 1945
Note the USA has a new leader!
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
How had the USSR gained control of Eastern Europe by 1948?
• Lesson Objectives
• To learn about how the
USSR had expanded
• To understand why they
had done so
• To understand why this
caused tension with the
USA
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_1lNxoXec&feature=related
What does this tell you
about the expansion of the
USSR ?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?
How had the USSR gained control of Eastern Europe by 1948?
• Use the map and
information on page 76
to help answer questions
1 and 2.
• What, according to
Source A was Stalin`s
view of the expansion of
the USSR ?
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Source A
What is surprising about
the fact that the Soviet
Union, worried about its
future safety, wants
governments friendly to it
in Finland, Poland and
Romania?
Stalin, writing in March
1946
Who was to blame for the Cold War?
How had the USSR gained control of Eastern Europe by 1948?
Coalition
government
after the war
Winning
elections
Imprison /exile
/execute
opposition
Members of
Cominform
Put the countries in the correct column; countries can go into more
than 1 column.
East Germany Poland Czechoslovakia Hungary Romania
Bulgaria Albania Yugoslavia Greece
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
How had the USSR gained control of Eastern Europe by 1948?
Answer the following questions using Source 24 and page
78
1. Which countries did Stalin not succeed in controlling?
Why was this ?
2. How far do you agree with Churchill that Soviet
expansion created an “Iron Curtain” ?
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
You have 7 minutes remember give three clear
reasons
Explain why the USA was suspicious of the
expansion of the USSR in Eastern Europe in
1948 (6 marks)
One reason is
Another reason is
My final reason is
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism?
The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
• Lesson Objectives
• To understand what The
Truman Doctrine was
• To understand how the
Marshall Plan was to
work
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism?
Use pages 78 and 79
Intervention in Greece
Why did the USA and Britain intervene in Greece?
How did they intervene in Greece?
Was this intervention successful?
Intervention in Czechoslovakia
Did Britain and USA intervene in Czechoslovakia?
What was the result for Czechoslovakia?
What has the USA learnt from these two examples
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmQD_W8Pc
xg
The Truman Doctrine
What points are being made by Truman in this
speech in 1948 ?
What is the USA going to do?
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism?
The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Yig30zzirU&feature=related
Watch this and review what we have learned about
the relationship between the USA and the USSR and
the Truman Doctrine
Explain what the Truman Doctrine was in a maximum
of 25 words
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism?
• Use page 79 to research
The Marshall Plan
• Explain why President
Truman wanted this
plan.
• Describe what the plan
intended to do
• Explain what persuaded
the American Congress
to agree to this plan.
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism?
The Marshal Plan
MESSAGE
Evidence from source
Own Knowledge
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American cartoon of the
Marshall Plan
Who was to blame for the Cold War?
How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism?
The
Truman
Doctrine
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The
Marshall
Plan
Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the
USSR?
• Lesson Objectives
• To understand why the
USSR blockaded Berlin
• To learn about the
creation of NATO
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the
USA or the USSR?
watch this clip about the Berlin blockade
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqHqsYiUEwY
Under the title ‘The Berlin Blockade’ write your
own account of what happened. Max 50 words
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the
USA or the USSR?
The Berlin Blockade
Find three reasons why the USSR blockaded
Berlin
Explain the response from the USA
Was the response successful? Give two reasons
why
Page 81
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the
USSR?
What does NATO stand for?
Why was NATO formed?
Does this increase tension?
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the
USSR?
• Lesson Objectives
• To begin to apportion
blame for the start of the
Cold War
• To come to a judgement
as to who was more
responsible
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the
USSR?
Sort the statements into three piles.
Evidence Russia was to blame
Evidence the USA was to blame
Other factors
Now prioritize the slips
Based on this evidence who was most to blame?
Copy the top three reasons for each side
Write a conclusion based on the evidence
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the
USA or the USSR?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOvfNjL1CJc&feature=related
Watch this clip to revise what we have been
learning.
Review all your work on this topic
Find best evidence that
The USA was to blame
Find the best evidence that
The USSR was to blame and write it down
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the
USA or the USSR?
• Lesson Objectives
• To review the topic
• To practise use of
sources
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the
USA or the USSR?
• Remember :
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Communism / capitalism
Yalta Conference
Potsdam Conference
Personalities of Truman / Stalin
Soviet expansion in eastern Europe
Idea of Superpowers
Reaction of USA – Truman Doctrine
& Marshall Plan
• Berlin Blockade
• NATO
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Who was to blame for The Cold War ?
Add one specific example that helped cause the Cold War for every point in the Flow MAP
USA & USSR
allies/friends
against
Germany
Soviet
Expansion in
Eastern
Europe
Yalta
Conference
Churchill
refers to an
‘Iron Curtain’
USA trial
Bomb
Truman
becomes
President
Truman Doctrine
Cold War
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Potsdam
Conference
Marshal
Plan
Intervention in
Greece
Failure in
Czechoslovakia
Berlin
Blockade
Mark the Events that can be seen as the USSR
causing tension in Red
Mark the Events that can be seen as the USA
causing tension in Blue
Who was more to blame for the start of
the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
Add
Yalta conference
Hitler defeated
Atomic Bomb tested
Truman becomes President
Potsdam Conference
Iron Curtain Speech
1945
1946
1947
Truman Doctrine Speech
Cominform set up
Marshall Plan introduced
Berlin Blockade
NATO set up
Berlin Blockade lifted
Examples of expansion
Examples of Containment
1948
1949
1950
Put on the key events between 1945 and 1950
Mark the Events that can be seen as the
USSR causing tension in Red
Mark the Events that can be seen as the USA
causing tension in Blue
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Who was more to blame for the start of
the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
Put on the key events between 1945 and 1950
Mark the Events that can be seen as the USSR causing tension in Red
Mark the Events that can be seen as the USA causing tension in Blue
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Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Who was more to blame for the start of
the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
Examples of Soviet Expansion 1945-50
Examples of Soviet Expansion being
contained
Poland
Greece
Romania
Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
Czechoslovakia
Berlin Airlift
Remember which key term refers to which country
USA
USSR
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America
Russia
Capitalist
Communist
West Europe
East Europe
Containment
Expansion
Who was to blame for the Cold War?
The USA
was to blame
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The USSR
was to blame
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Both were
to blame
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The cold war
was inevitable
– so no-one
was to blame
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Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold
War, the USA or the USSR?
• Lesson Objectives
• To attempt exam
questions
• To peer mark exam
questions
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