Day 1
QOD: What is the major difference between a builder’s level and a transit
level?
A transit level can be moved up or down
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurements
2. Hand & Power Tools - PP
3. Activity – Types of Squares
4. Review
SkillsUSA Announcements:
1. Membership Deadline – September 12th
Introduction – Hand & Power Tools
Learning Targets
•
•
•
•
Students will identify the hand and power tools used by
carpenters and describe their uses.
Students will state the general safety rules for operating
all power tools.
Students will state the general rules for properly
maintaining all tools.
Students will use portable power tool s in a safe and
appropriate manner.
Rules and Other Measuring Tools
• Steel Rule
– Usually 6 or 12 inches long, but longer sizes are available
• Measuring Tape
– Marked with the ½-inch, ¼-inch, 1/8-inch, and 1/16-inch
markings
– The concave (or curve) of a tape measure blade is designed to
strengthen the blade and makes the tape easier to read when it
is placed on a surface that needs to be marked
• Wooden Folding Rule
– Usually calibrated in 16ths of an inch.
– It is better than a cloth or steel rule at measuring vertical
distances because of it stiffness.
• Laser Measuring Tool
– Can be considered a battery-powered, electronic version of a
tape measure.
Rules and Other Measuring Tools
Levels
• Levels – used to determine how level a
horizontal surface is and how plumb a
vertical surface is.
– Spirit Levels
• have three vials filled with alcohol to check for level
and plumb.
• 2’ & 4’ Level
• Torpedo Level
– Laser Level – a single worker can accurately and
quickly establish plumb, level or square
measurements.
Levels
• The spirit level has three vials
filled with alcohol. The
position of the air bubble in
the vial indicates the degree
of level or plumb.
• If the air bubble is centered
between the lines on the vial,
the surface is level or plumb.
• Keep in mind that the vials
are fragile. If you abuse or
drop your level, you may
damage or dislodge the vials.
Levels
Levels
Levels
• Line level
– Used to level a long span. The hooks are attached at the center of a stretched
line, which is moved up or down until the bubble is centered.
• Water level
– A simple, accurate tool consisting of a length of clear plastic tubing. It work
on the principle that water seeks its own level.
• Builder’s level
– A telescope with a spirit level mounted on top. It can be rotated 360 degrees
but cannot be tilted up and down. It is used to check grades and elevations
and to set up level points over long distances.
• Transit level
– Commonly called a transit, is similar to the builder’s level. Unlike the
builder’s level, the transit level’s telescope can be moved up and down 45
degrees.
• Laser level
– Used to perform all of the tasks that can be performed with a conventional
transit level.
Squares
Squares
Squares
• Carpenter's Square
– Is the shape of an “L” and used to square up wall studs
and sole plates.
– Used mainly to square up sections of work such as wall
studs or sole plates.
– It has a 24” blade and a 16” tongue, forming a right (90°)
angle.
– One side contains tables for calculating the lengths of
rafters, as well useful formulas and other data
• Rafter Angle Square, or Speed Square
– Marked with degree gradation for fast and easy layout
forming a right (90°) angle.
– Specifically designed for laying out roofs and stairs
– It is a combination tool consisting of a try square and
framing square.
Squares
• Try Square
– Used mainly for woodworking to check lumber to see if it
is warped or bowed
– Check squareness of a cut or adjoining surface
– Is a fixed 90° angle used to lay out cutting lines
• Combination Square
– Used for making 90 and 45 degree cuts, check level and
plumb surface.
– Has a moving head that can be slid along the blade
– Can be use as a straightedge, or to mark 45 and 90°
angles.
• Sliding T-Bevel
– Adjustable square used to set, test, and transfer angles.
Planes
• Planes are used to remove excess wood from
surfaces.
• The depth of cut is adjustable on most planes.
• Blades must be protected from damage in order to
insure that they make smooth cuts.
• The type used to plane long boards is the jointer
plane
Activity:
Types & Uses of Squares
Objective: Determine the appropriate use for
each type of Square.
Individual Task: Prepare a Tree Map to classify the
uses of each type of Square. Be prepared to present
your work to the class. (p. 3.3 to 3.5)
CLASSIFYING
Tree Map
Review
• Which measuring tool is rigid, so it can be used to
measure vertical distances without bending?
• Which type of square is shaped like an “L” and used
to square up wall studs and sole plates?
• Which adjustable square can be used to set, test,
and transfer angles?
• What is it called when levels are used to determine
accuracy of a horizontal surface?
• What is it called when levels are used to determine
accuracy of a vertical surface?
Day 2
QOD: Which hand plane is generally used to plane long boards?
Jointer Plane
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurements
2. Hand & Power Tools - PP
3. Activity – Types of Saws
4. Review
SkillsUSA Announcements:
1. Membership Deadline – September 12th
Clamps
• C-clamp
– Used to hold material between the metal jaw of
the frame and the shoe.
• Locking C-clamp
– A knob in the handle controls the width and
tension of the jaws, works like locking pliers.
• Spring clamp
– Simply squeeze the handles of the clamp and
insert the jaws onto the desired material.
Clamps
• Bar clamp
– It has a fixed jaw at one end and a sliding jaw
with a spring locking device that moves along the
bar.
• Quick Grip bar clamp
– Specifically designed to allow you to squeeze up
to 600 pounds of force with one hand.
• Pipe clamp
– Much like a bar clamp, but with a pipe instead of
a bar.
Clamps
• Hand-screw Clamp
– Can spread pressure over a wider area than most
clamps and each jaw works independently.
• Web clamp
– Uses a band to apply even pressure around a
piece of material.
– Commonly used to secure round, oval, and oddly
shaped wood.
• Always discard clamps with bent frames.
Clamps
Clamps
Clamps
Clamps
• When clamping wood or other soft material:
– You should use pads or thin blocks of wood
between the clamp and the work.
– Do not apply excessive pressure to a clamp.
– Clamps with bent frames must be discarded.
Saws
Saws
• Backsaw
– Used for cutting joints, especially miter joints and tenons.
• Compass, or Keyhole, saw
– Can fit into tight places.
– Used to cut curves quickly in wood, plywood, or wall
board.
– Used for rough cutting access holes in sheet material for
piping and electrical.
• Coping saw
– U-shaped frame so it can cut at angles.
– Used to make curved cuts in moldings.
– Used to cut irregular shaped molding and make it fit
together.
Saws
• Drywall saw
– It is long and narrow and it is used to cut softer
building material, such as drywall.
• Hacksaw
– Used to cut through metal such as nails, bolts and
pipes.
– The teeth of a hacksaw blade must face away
from the handle.
– Designed to cut on the push stroke and not on the
pull stroke.
Saws
• Handsaw - used for cutting wood
– Crosscut Saw
• Used to cut across the grain, the direction of the fibers,
of the wood.
– Ripsaw
• Used to cut with the grain, parallel to the wood fibers,
of the wood
• Saw Safety and Maintenance:
– Brace yourself on the last stroke when sawing so
you are not thrown off balance on the last stroke.
– Don’t let the saw teeth come in contact with
stone, concrete, or metal.
Saws
• Kerf Cut
– a cut or incision made by a saw in a piece of
wood
Activity:
Types & Uses of Saws
Objective: Determine the appropriate use for
each type of Saw.
Individual Task: Prepare a Tree Map to classify the
uses of each type of Saw. Be prepared to present
your work to the class.
CLASSIFYING
Tree Map
Review
• What is a Kerf?
• When should a worker discard a clamp?
• Which clamp is commonly used to secure round,
oval, and oddly shaped wood?
• What handsaw is used for rough cutting, such as
cutting access holes for piping and electrical boxes?
• Why is it important to brace yourself on the last
stroke with a hand saw?
• Which saw is used to cut through metal such as
nails, bolts and pipes?
Day 3
QOD: Which clamp is commonly used to secure round, oval, and oddly
shaped wood?
Web Clamp
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurements
2. Hand & Power Tools – PP
3. Activity – Types of Saws
4. Review
SkillsUSA Announcements:
1. Membership Deadline – September 12th
Power Tools
• Power tools have replaced many hand tools
for cutting and drilling, as well as for the
application of fasteners.
• Before you are permitted to operate a power
tool, you must demonstrate that you are able
to operate it safely.
• One overriding precaution is to disconnect
the tool from its power source before
changing accessories or performing any
service on the tool.
Circular Saw
Circular Saw
• The circular saw is one of the carpenter's
primary tools.
– Used to make rip cuts, cross cuts, plunge cuts,
bevel cuts, and miter cuts.
– Often used to make pocket cuts
– The lower blade guard retracts as the saw cuts
into the work piece. Do not handle this guard
while the saw is operating.
– Circular saws require frequent blade changes,
either to replace worn-out blades or to change the
blade for a different application.
Table Saw
Table Saw
• Table saws are used to make many of the same
cuts as a circular saw.
• In addition, it is used for rabbet and dado cuts.
• The blade can be tilted for making bevel cuts.
• A kerf spreader keeps the work piece from
binding the blade.
• Anti-kickback pawls grab the work piece to
keep it from flying backwards if the bade binds.
• Carefully study the table saw safety precautions
in the text. Be sure to use a push stick for stock
that is less than 4" wide.
Power Miter Saw
Power Miter Saw
• The power miter saw and compound miter
saw can be used to make straight or mitered
cuts.
• The saw pivots and locks in position to make
cuts from 0 to 45 degrees.
• The difference between the compound miter
saw and the power miter saw is that the
compound miter saw can make combined
miter and bevel cuts (compound cuts).
Sawbuck
Sawbuck
• A frame and trim saw, also called a sawbuck,
combines the functions of a radial arm saw
and a compound miter saw.
• This saw can cut wider stock than the miter
saw, and is ideal for cutting crown molding.
• Commonly used to cut wide molding.
Abrasive Saws
Abrasive Saws
• Abrasive saws, such as the demolition saw,
can cut through metal or masonry.
• These saws are available as electric-or gaspowered models.
• Safety is a huge issue with these saws. Gaspowered demolition saws must be used where
there is adequate ventilation.
• The chop saw can be used to cut pipe,
channel, conduit, and other light-gauge
materials.
Blades
Blades
• The type of blade to be used in a power saw
depends on the type of cut and the material to
be cut.
• Rip cutting, for example, requires a much
different blade than cross cutting.
• Plywood requires a blade with small, scissorlike teeth.
• The smoothness of the cut is determined by
the number and sharpness of the teeth.
Drill Press
Drill Press
• A drill press is a versatile tool that can be
used for drilling, countersinking, sanding,
and mortising.
• Different operating speeds are used for
different purposes. A chart is usually mounted
on the drill press to provide this information.
• Because of its high-speed operation, the drill
press can be hazardous.
Activity:
Types of Power Saws
Objective: List important facts about the
different types of power saws.
Individual Task: Prepare a Tree Map to classify facts
about different types of power saws. Be prepared to
present your work to the class. (pp.3.10-3.15)
CLASSIFYING
Types of Power Saws
Circular
Power Miter
Abrasive Cutoff
Tree Map
Sawbuck
Table Saw
Review
• What is kick-back?
• Which saw is used for rip cuts, cross cuts, plunge
cuts?
• Which saw is used for pocket cuts?
• Which saw is used for rabbit and dado cuts?
• Which saw is used to make miter and bevel cuts, or
compound?
• Which part of a portable circular saw is retractable?
• When using a table saw when is it appropriate to
use a push stick?
Review
• Which saw is generally used to cut wide molding?
• Which saw is used to cut through metal or masonry?
• Which tool is used for drilling, countersinking,
sanding, and mortising.
• What is determined by the number and sharpness
of the teeth on a blade?
• What is a circular saw blade with small, scissor-like
teeth designed for cutting?
Day 4
QOD: Which type of task is commonly done with a power stapler but not
with a power nail gun?
Installing ceiling tile
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurements
2. Hand & Power Tools - PP
3. Activity – Power Tool Injuries
4. Activity – Pneumatic Nail Gun
5. Review
SkillsUSA Announcements:
1. Membership Deadline – September 12th
Router
• A power router is used to cut joints and
patterns into wood. It is a versatile tool that
can be used to make a variety of cuts.
• Main function is to cut patterns in wood.
Laminate Trimmer
• A laminate trimmer is a special type of router
designed to trim and shape the edges of
plastic laminate materials such as
countertops.
• Laminate trimmers are high speed tools with
sharp blades. Study the safety precautions in
the text.
Portable Power Plane
• A portable power plane is used to fit frame
and trim members.
• The power plane is also used to plane door
edges. A door jack should be used in such
cases.
Power Sheers
• Power shears are used to cut sheet metal,
metal studs, lightweight materials, and metal
strips.
• Power shears can be used to cut on a straight
line, as well as curves and openings.
Pneumatic Nail Gun
Pneumatic Nail Gun
Pneumatic Nail Gun
• Pneumatic nail guns are used to attach wallboard,
moldings, framing members, flooring, sheathing, and
shingles.
• Staplers are used to attach some of the same
materials, as well as insulation, paneling, and ceiling
tiles.
• Some fasteners come in strips or coils and are loaded
into a magazine.
• Cordless nail guns and staplers use a tiny engine that
is powered by a fuel cell and a rechargeable battery.
• Because they shoot sharp objects, nail guns and
staplers are inherently dangerous and must be used
with extreme care.
Activity:
Types of Pneumatic Guns
Objective: Determine similarities and
differences between a Pneumatic nail gun and
stapler.
Group Task: Prepare a Double Bubble Map to
determine similarities and differences between a
Pneumatic nail gun and stapler. Be prepared to
present work to the class.
COMPARING & CONTRASTING
Double Bubble Map
Review
• Which power tool is used to cut patterns in wood?
• Which power tool is used to trim and shape the
edges of plastic laminate materials such as
countertops?
• Which power tool is used to fit frame and trim
members?
• Which power tool is used to cut sheet metal, metal
studs, lightweight materials, and metal strips?
• Which power tool is used attach wallboard,
moldings, framing members, flooring, sheathing,
and shingles?
• Which power tool is used to attach insulation,
paneling, and ceiling tiles?
Day 5
QOD: A circular saw blade designed to cut plywood should have what kind
of teeth?
Small, scissor-like
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurements
2. Hand and Power Tools – Review for Test
Review Questions – p. 3.24
Trade Term Quiz – p. 3.25
3. Review
SkillsUSA Announcements:
1. Membership Deadline – September 12th
Day 6
QOD: What is the main function of a router?
To cut patterns in wood
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurements
2. Hand and Power Tools – Review for Test
Review Questions – p. 3.24
Trade Term Quiz – p. 3.25
3. Review
SkillsUSA Announcements:
1. Membership Deadline – September 12th
Day 7
QOD: What are some tasks that are commonly done with pneumatic, or
power, stapler?
Installing Insulation, ceiling tile, and paneling
Agenda:
1. QOD & Measurements
2. Hand and Power Tools – Test
3. Review
SkillsUSA Announcements:
1. Membership Deadline – September 12th