How To Write
A Paper
崔璐
物理实验教学中心
2014.12.30
1
Write a Paper
 论文格式
论文题目
摘要（中英文）
关键字
正文
脚注和尾注
表格和图表
参考文献
 论文结构
题目
摘要
关键字
引言
论述
结论
讨论
参考文献
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论文格式
 搜索引擎
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/6954e68583d049649b665840.ht
ml
http://www.360doc.com/content/11/0106/09/5389369_843540
66.shtml
http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=_sKTyZBUpScqhTjlEA0BG8cDWBh5DQd_zLnQNKQlVF3zPHu6e8hXm8dHPadsKW1rmOMzcYrCAd_auZwy6Z7cZYrSfmm5eJ_E
_ULkPIZB3
 期刊杂志
http://www.lib.ecnu.edu.cn/
 导师学长
3
writing
reading research
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The Structure of Paper
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论文结构（八股文）
题目
摘要
关键字
引言
论述
结论
讨论
参考文献
摘要
引言
论述
结论
讨论
IMRAD:
Introducation(What question was asked?)
Methods(How was it studied)
Results(What was found?)
and
Discussion(What do the findings mean?)
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 Introduction, presenting information on the field of study and the question
or hypothesis under research. Apart from this, the chapter focuses on the
topicality, main objectives, tasks involved in the research.
 Literature review, focusing on the researches into your subject carried out
by outstanding scientists, whose ideas serve you as the basis of your own
research. In addition, we mention here the most up-to-date researches, as
well as enumerate the drawbacks of out-dated ones. The more extended
is our list of the literature referred, the more argumentative your own
research will be.
 Methodology section, mentioning your research question or hypothesis
and suggesting one or more appropriate scientific methods with the help
of which you can answer your spot question, or prove/reject the
hypothesis you have put forward in Introduction. Of no less importance for
your dissertation is to convincingly justify the preferred methods of
scientific research, stating both their advantages and limitations.
 Findings, outlining a set of findings which make your original scientific
contribution to the investigated subject area.
 List of references, presenting a list of publications directly relevant to the
topic dealt with.
 Set of appendices, practically illustrating the material presented in
theoretical chapters, etc.
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摘要（Abstract）
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摘要
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摘要
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摘要
己见
他说与己见
三方论点
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引言（Introduction）
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引言
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引言
(1)
Problem proposed or special argument
or literature/biography
(2)
relative achivements assessing
(3)
working hypothesis summarizing
(4)
methodology or path choosing
(5)
argument or structure arrangement in
the paper
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结论（Results）
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结论——几点注意
 结论要回答引言中提出的问题，论述要符合论文
通篇的逻辑
 分析研究结果的特征，特别是多个研究对象之间
的异同，并指出这种异同对结论正反两方面的影
响
 对于多样化的结果，要分析这种多样性对假设的
支持与否
 结论≠论据或者数据，而是论据或者数据的意义
 可以用图表的形式对结论进行概括，辅助以简要
的文字说明
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结论
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讨论（Discussion）
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讨论——几点注意
 讨论部分主要的目标是阐述“研究的意义”，开始的方式包
括：研究综述、主要发现、独创性工作、
 不要重复引言中已经阐述的工作，要专注于和你结论相
左的观点，力争说服潜在的反对者
 选择最重要的观点及其论据进行讨论，突出研究的独特
性，不要企图面面俱到
 在讨论中要承认或者感谢对你的写作或者思考有帮助的
相关者
 讨论的篇幅不能过长全文的三分之一
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讨论
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参考文献
Ann M. Korner. (2008). Guide to
Publishing a Scientific
Paper(2nd): Routledge Press
Robert A. Day. (1998). How to
Write and Publish a Scientific
Paper(5th): Oryx Press
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