New technology introduced terms like multimedia,
hypermedia, etc. But let us admit that technology
divide is real. Many schools especially those
who have not been reached by electricity for one
reason or another, do not have a computer. A few
schools maybe bountifully blessed with computers
and computer-literate teachers. But most schools
are not as blessed. They may have at least one
computer but teachers may have not been trained to
use it. As a result, they resort to the chalkboard,
the most available classroom equipment and the
overhead projector which has become quite popular
in schools.
A. Sharpen your chalk to get good line
quality.
B. Stand with your elbow high. Move along
as you write.
C. Use dots “aiming points”. This keeps
writing level.
D. Make all writing or printing between 2 or 4
inches high for legibility.
E. When using colored chalk, use soft chalk so
that it can be erased easily.
There are other kinds of projectors like opaque
projector and slide projector. The overhead
projector seems more available in schools. It has a
lot of advantages. Brown (1969)cites the ff.
 The projector itself is simple to operate.
 The overhead projector is used in the front of the
room by the instructor, who has complete control of
the sequence, thing and manipulation of his
material.
 Facing his class and observing students reactions,
the instructor can guide his audience , control its
attention, and regulate the flow of in formation in
the representation.
The projected image behind the instructor can
be as large as necessary for all in the
audience to see.
 Since the transparency, as it is placed on the
projector, is seen by the instructor exactly as
students see it on the screen, he may point,
write, or otherwise make indications upon it
to facilitate communication.
 The stage (projection surface) of the projector
is large (10 by 10 inches).
 It is especially easy for teachers and
students to create their own materials for use
in the overhead projector.


An increasing number of high-quality
commercial transparencies.
Let’s learn how to use it properly so we all
maximize its use in the classroom. Brown(1969)
gives us several technique.
Overhead Project Techniques
Among the outstanding attitudes of overhead
projection are the many techniques that can be
used to present information and control the
sequence of a presentation. As as you plan your
own transparencies, keep in mind these features
of overhead projection.
You can show pictures and diagrams, using a
pointer on the transparency to direct attention to a
detail.
 You can use a felt pen or way-based to add
details or to make points on the transparency
during projection.
 You can control the rate of presenting
information by covering a transparency with a
sheet of paper or cardboard and then exposing
data as you are ready to discuss each point.
 You can superimpose additional transparency
sheets as overlays on a base transparency so as
to separate processes and complex ideas into
elements and present them in step-by-step order.

You can show three-dimension objects from
the stage of projector-in silhouette if the
object is opaque, or in color if an object is
made of transparent color plastic.
 You can overlays back and forth across the
base in order to rearrange elements of
diagrams or problems.
 For special purposes you can simulate
motion on parts of a transparency by using the
effects of polarized light. To do thus, set a
Polaroid glass spinner over the projector lens
and attach a special plastic element to parts
of the transparency for which motion in
desired.


You can simultaneously project on an
adjacent screen other visual materials, usually
slides or motion pictures, which illustrate or
apply the generalizations shown on a
transparency.
On reminders on the effective use of the OHP
are:
 Stand off to one side of the OHP while you
face the students.
 Don’t talk to the screen. Face the students
when you talk, not the screen.
Place the OHP to your right, if you are
right handed, and to your left if you are left
handed.
 Place the OHP on table low enough so that
it does not block you or the screen.
 Have the top of the screen titled forward
towards the OHP to prevent the “keystone
effect” (where the top of the screen is larger
then the bottom.
 Avoid the mistake including too much detail
on each image. A simple layout makes an
effective slide. If an audience needs to be
given details, provide handouts to be studied
later..

Avoid large figures. Come up with graphic
presentation.
 Don’t read the text on your slide. Your
audience can read.
 Avoid too much text. Rely sparingly on
printed text. Come up with more graphs,
charts, diagram or pictures.
 Your presentations must be readable from
afar.
 Simple use of color can add effective
emphasis.

We can learn from the experiences from others.
Brown (1969) enumerates effective practices.
Lets learn from them.
In primary grades, simple objects like keys,
leaves, and cutout paper shapes can be placed
directly on the projector to stimulate children's
imagination and encourage discussion.
 In English composition lessons, students themes
or writing exercises can be reproduce in films by
means of the heat or photocopy process. The
teacher and students can analyze the writing for
style and grammar as each example is projected.

In arithmetic, blank sheets of acetate and grease
pencils can be given to selected students. Have
them prepare solutions to homework problems so
the class may evaluate and discuss their result.
 In geometry and trigonometry, two-and threedimensional diagrams can be built up gradually
with carefully prepared transparencies involving
color and separate overlays. Geometry theorems
and complicated problems can be separated into
single components and presented systematically.
In other mathematical and technical subjects,
plastic objects like some rulers and compasses
can be shown to a group of discussion.

In physical education and team training,
plays and game procedures may be analyzed
through the use of plastic or opaque moving
symbols on a transparency which shows the
court or field design.
 In homeroom activities, the secretary can use
a cellophane roll (accompanying most
projectors) or blank acetate sheets in write
nominations, list, motion for consideration,
and important discussion points for all to see
and react.

In a primary reading class, a picture-transfer
transparency can be made from a magazine
picture.
 In art classes, a teacher can sketch on clear
plastic with a felt pen.
 In science, iron filings dusted on a clear
plastic sheet over a permanent magnet can be
projected clearly to illustrate lines of force.
 In social studies, all types of maps can be
enlarged after accurate but easy preparation.
Overlays show key facts about particular
regions.


The “progressive disclosure” technique
mentioned previously can be achieved by:
Placing a sheet of paper over the transparency
and moving it down to expose succeeding lines
of type.
 Attaching strips of opaque paper to the aides
of the mask in order to cover portions of the
transparency image, and then flipping the
strips back to expose image.


Placing over the transparency an opaque
sheet containing a cutout slit which exposes
lines or copy area in sequential order as it is
moved down across the copy.