Measuring how equitable
your service delivery is
Kenzo Fry
Learning outcomes
• Background information on poverty
and poverty measures
• How wealth quintile calculation
works
• What is in the toolkit itself and how
to use it
• Interpreting and using the results
Equity
• Level the playing field
• Serve the marginalised
• Reaching the poor
• One of the global goals of franchising
Poverty
• Relative poverty
• Absolute poverty
 When do you need to know about
relative and when absolute?
Types of poverty measure
• Poverty lines - $1.25 per day
• Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index
• Wealth quintiles (based on wealth
index)
Selected as the metric for the equity goal
Why wealth quintiles?
• Relative poverty – relevant to
programme decisions anywhere
• Data source - DHS
•
•
•
•
Standardised and high quality
Easy to access
Regularly updated
Includes useful additional
variables
What is the wealth index?
• Figure out the how important
different assets and household
characteristics are to wealth
• Country specific
• Uses Principal Components Analysis
• Give each person a score based on
their assets and household
characteristics
i
Place the population in order of wealth using the wealth index
1 million people
Highest wealth
index score
Lowest wealth
index score
ii
Split into five equal ‘quintiles’
Quintile 1
(200,000 people)
iii
Quintile 2
(200,000 people)
Quintile 3
(200,000 people)
Quintile 4
(200,000 people)
Quintile 5
(200,000 people)
Use a client survey to put clients into quintiles
Toolkit
• i and ii have been done already for
countries with a recent DHS
• You just have to do iii
• Conduct a client survey
•
10 steps using pre-prepared tools
• Go to presentationofdata.com
Toolkit characteristics
•
•
•
•
Rigorous
Covers complete process
User friendly
High level expertise not
needed
 Complexity in the back,
simplicity in the front
What does it do?
Guides the user through the
10 steps to a successful client
survey, from planning to
interpretation of results
which answers the question:
• Which wealth quintiles do
your clients fall into?
What is in the toolkit?
• Step by Step guide to survey process
(written and video tutorials)
• Questionnaires
• Template workplan
• Sampling tool
• Data collection team training template
• Data entry tool
• Data analysis tool
Step 1
Define what you want to
measure and why
• Work with decision makers
• How will results be used?
• Who do you need to know about?
• What do you need to know about them?
Step 2
Recruit the survey team
• Characteristics of each role
Step 3
Plan the survey
• Create a workplan
Step 4
Sampling
• Use the Excel tool provided
 Series of simple questions
• Decide whether to conduct interviews in
homes or at facilities
• Additional detail on methods, sub-groups,
what precision means
Step 5
Get relevant permissions
• Ethics, government etc
Step 6
Train data collection team
• Modify training curriculum
• Interactive sessions
• How select respondents
• How to conduct interviews
• Supervised practice
Step 7
Data collection
• Logistics and organisation
• Supervision
• Observation
• Questionnaire checks
• Fill in example questionnaire as if you were
one of your franchises clients
Step 8
Data entry
• Modify preprepared tool
• Clean, error free data
Step 9
Data analysis
• Choose from EpiInfo, SPSS,
STATA
• Use preprepared syntax
• Calculate your clients score
• Put your client into a wealth quintile
Step 10
Interpret results
• Understanding
quintile graphs
• The “bottom two
quintiles” metric
40
35
Percentage of clients
Percentage of client in the bottom two quintiles = 40%
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
Quintile 3
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
40
35
Percentage of clients
Percentage of client in the bottom two quintiles = 70%
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
Quintile 3
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
40
35
Percentage of clients
Percentage of client in the bottom two quintiles = 15%
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
Quintile 3
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
40
35
Percetnage of clients
Percentage of client in the bottom two quintiles = 50%
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Quintile 1
Quintile 2
Quintile 3
Quintile 4
Quintile 5
Group discussion
Would this information would be useful
to your programme?
What decisions would you take if your
franchise had a low percentage of clients
in the bottom two quintiles?
What challenges would arise from trying
to implement these 10 steps?
Quiz
• Why are there two surveys involved in
the process?
• What would it mean if 21% of clients
were in the bottom two quintiles?
• In what circumstances can you change
the wealth index questions?
Toolkit version 2




More countries
Fewer questions?
Same questions everywhere?
Even simpler data collection, entry
and analysis using an app?
Inadequate
sample
Biased
sample
How many
facilities are
there in total
30 or less
Include all
facilities in
sample
Yes
Include all
facilities in
sample
Mor
e
than
30
Can you feasibly
collect data at all
of them?
No
Select 30 or
more of the
facilities using
the sample
selector tool
Determine
sample size using
formula
(Minimum
sample size
=100)
Determine
sample size
using formula
(Minimum
sample size
=200)
Determine
number of
clients to
interview at each
facility based on
number of
clients they serve
per day