.121
DO NOW- On top of pg
Match the inventor to his invention.
1. James Watt
2. Thomas Edison
3. Henry Bessemer
4. Eli Whitney
5. Louis Pasteur
a. Steel
making
process
b. Discovery
of bacteria
c. Steam
engine
d. Light bulb
e. Cotton gin
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Miss Bonner
AGRARIAN REVOLUTION

Prior to 1700, traditional societies typically grew only enough food to feed
themselves (subsistence farming). They used simple farming methods and created
their own tools.


With the dawn of the Agricultural Revolution, around 1700, rapid changes in
agricultural methods, new technology, and movement of people soon led to even
bigger changes.

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Enclosure Movement:
Forced small farms owners to become tenants on the land- many moved to the cities
for work.
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New Forming Methods:
Crop Rotation
Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill
Improved Fertilizers
Population
Boom!
Inventions and Technology

Important inventions led to the industrialization of the textile industry first. Other industries followed such
as transportation.
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James Hargreaves/Spinning Jenny:
Spinning wheel that allowed 1 spinner to work 8 threads at a time.
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Eli Whitney/Cotton Gin:
Took seeds out of the cotton.
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James Watt/Steam Engine
Made steam engine work faster and more efficiently while burning less fuel.
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Robert Fulton/Steam Boat
Improved the transportation of goods.
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George Stephenson/Railroad:
Designed & built locomotives

Built to house heavy machinery that was no longer
conducive to houses.
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Manufacturing of goods was now in a central location.
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Goods were produced faster, easier, cheaper– led to
increased demand.
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Because of Watt’s Steam Engine, factories could now be
located anywhere (not just by water sources)
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City building and movement of people to cities.

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Caused by the growth of factories.

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Most of Europe’s cities doubled, even quadrupled
between 1800-1850.
Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain

I. Why Britain?

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B – Borders/Harbors – trade ports, navigable rivers, island (ports)
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R – Resources (natural) – iron, coal, and water; also controlled many colonies for raw materials
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I – Investments – had money to put into businesses (ex. established banking system)

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T – Technology – ex. steam engine; Transportation – ex. RRs, steamboats

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S – Surplus of people – translated to work force


Britain’s richest coal fields are in the central & northern
regions of the country.

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Coal was found to be the most efficient way to power the
new steam engine. As a result, many new industries &
factories moved to be near the sources of energy. Soon,
coal-field engines powered the iron factories, textile
factories and railroads of northern Britain.



Industrialization also required a large labor force. The
enclosure movement, in which wealthy landowners bought
out small farms & forced people out of their livelihood,
provided a ready supply of workers. As a result, masses of
people migrated to the industrial cities to find jobs.
Negative Effects
Urbanization
Working conditions and
Wages
Child Labor
Conditions in the Coal Mines
Changing Class Structure
Changing Role of Women
Education
Page 122
Positive Effects
Negative Effects
Urbanization
Working conditions and Wages
Child Labor
Conditions in the Coal Mines
Changing Class Structure
Changing Role of Women
Education
Modern Buildings
Positive Effects
• crowded
• housing – dark, poorly constructed, badly ventilated
• orphans & unemployed lived on streets
• 20 families in one house (1 toilet)
• garbage, disease, crime, dec. life expectancy
• Increased city population led to more job opportunities and increased business and
entertainment
• 12-14 hour days
• short breaks for meals
• 6 days/week
• hot, poor lighting
• threatened to be fired/lower wages
• dirty, dangerous, locked doors/windows
• cheap labor for bosses
• lower wages, long hours, difficult work, dangerous
• weaker bodies, more sickly, deformed
• lack of parental supervision
• Parliament eventually investigated conditions (Sadler Committee)
• hot, underground – crawl through small spaces
• damp, dark
• lung disease, cave-ins
• drowning, suffocation, explosions
• grown of urban poor – poverty-stricken, lived in slums
• often not educated to move up in society
• industrial capitalists – ran factories, rich and powerful
• increased urban middle-class
• social mobility
• 12-14 hours
• 1/2- 1/3 men’s wages
• hazardous conditions; deformities; lung disease
• time away from children
• still had household duties
• few children (especially lower class) received an education
• unqualified teachers
• mandated (required) education
• taught basic skills
• more financial support from government
• technical schools created
• row houses and multistory tenements
• industrial slums
• modern architecture
• urban middle-class – new homes and townhomes
• city halls, stock exchanges, opera houses
Honors: To Tell the Truth Review Game:

3 students at a time will present one with card. Each
will claim to be the Industrial or Cultural Revolution
inventor or scientist and will read their assigned
card EXACTLY as it is written. They should try to be
as convincing as possible in their reading.


The rest of the class will need to decide which of
the three students is “telling the truth.”
To Tell the Truth T-Chart: Page 123

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Jethro Tull
Eli Whitney
James Hargreaves
Richard Arkwright
James Watt
Robert Fulton
Adam Smith
Andrew Carnegie
Karl Marx
Thomas Edison
Henry Bessemer
Henry Ford
Orville and Wilbur Wright
Samuel Morse
Alexander Graham Bell
Guglielmo Marconi
Charles Darwin
Marie Curie
Albert Einstein
Louis Pasteur
Ivan Pavlov
Sigmund Freud
Ludwig van Beethoven
Charles Dickens
Leo Tolstoy
Claude Monet
Holding your notebook Landscape
Style:




Make two t-charts (see the example).
As we play the game you will be filling in the tchart.
We will complete three discussion questions at the
end of the game.
They will not be written down but we will answer
them as a class.
Discussion Questions:


1. Who do you think was the most important inventor/contributor of the
Industrial and Cultural Revolution? Why?
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2. Which of the inventions or new ideas do you think is most significant
in the modern world? Why?
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3. Summarize how these inventions and new ideas represent the changes
and impacts of the Industrial and Cultural Age.
DO NOW:

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
Please have your “To Tell the Truth” t-charts out. We
will be finishing them and then watching a clip
from mankind.
We will be finishing the first clip and then moving
onto different political and economic theories of the
time.
After brief notes you will be identifying and
labeling a cartoon for one of your isms.
Mankind Clip Questions:
Industrial Revolution
1. Richard Arkwright’s machine changed society into a consumer society.
According to the video, what does that mean?
2. Arkwright not only changed how products were made – it changed where
they were made. Where did people make products now?
3. How did coal/steam change the world?
4. What obstacle stood in the way of the Baltimore-Ohio Railroad?
5.Benjamin Latrobe, Jr. oversaw the production. Who did most of the actual
digging?
6. “America’s most challenging railroad projects cost one worker’s life for…”
**Economic Theories during the Industrial
Revolution**



* Thomas Malthaus – “An Essay on the Principle of Population”
1. population is increasing faster than the food supply, so most are destined to be poor
nfluenced
2. yet against government helping the poor – would upset the free market system
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* Charles Darwin – The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
1. “survival of the fittest” – people/animals who best adapt to the environment survive
New Theory
a. ex. if people have to compete for food, the fittest will survive
Social Darwinism: belief that all human groups compete for survival = the stronger groups
will replace the weaker groups.
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I
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. Capitalism – little/no government control
A. factors of production are privately owned
B. money is invested in business to make a profit
C. prices are determined by demand
D. the government should NOT interfere (ex. minimum wage, better working conditions)
– would
undermine the production of wealth
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A. Adam Smith –Wealth of Nations
1. laissez-faire economics – hands-off government
(economic liberty = economic progress)
2. people work for own good; competition increases quality; business is
regulated by laws of
supply and demand

**Economic Responses to the Industrial Revolution (Capitalism) **


I. General Beliefs – the interests of the WHOLE society are more important than individual
interests
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A. Utilitarianism/utopian ideas – government intervention/control
1. Robert Owen – utopian
a. improved conditions in his own factory (ex. no child labor,
education provided, better hours,…)
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B. Socialism – public ownership of factors of production; government controls key
industries (ex. RR, mines,…)
1. Balance between capitalism and communism – government still has some share of
ownership
C. Radical Socialism
1. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels – The Communist Manifesto – outline ideas about Marxism

2. Beliefs

a. constant struggle between economic classes

1. “HAVES” – bourgeoisie – control means to produce goods

2. “HAVE NOTS” – proletariat – do backbreaking labor

b. the proletariats will eventually rise up and overthrow the oppressors (capitalist society)

c. they will then create a classless society – equality for all
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D. Communism – people own ALL means of production
1. wealth and property equally shared
2. NO private property
3. would eventually impact Russia, China, Cuba,..
After Economic Theories Notes ½
page- Cartoon on other half:



Please pick one of the isms we just learned about
and label the cartoon.
For each cell of the cartoon fill it out as it would
apply to the ism that you chose at the bottom of the
sheet, explain why you entered what you did into
the cell.
10 minutes
1. What is this
2. How could a union
banner calling for? help achieve this?
Long Term Outcomes:

I. Poor Working Conditions Led to…

A. Government regulation
1. Saddler Committee – Parliamentary committee to investigate
child labor
2. Factory Acts of 1819 and 1833 – regulate child labor
3. 1847 – 10 Hours Act

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

B. Formation of Unions
1. use strikes and collective bargaining to fight for
workers’ rights

II. Emergence of New Social Classes Led to…


A. General increase in standard of living

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B. More complex social order (as opposed to traditional societies:
nobles vs. peasants)
1. upper class – rich industrial business families, old nobility
2. middle class – midlevel business people, doctors,
scientists, lawyers, teachers, office workers, shop owners, clerks
3. lower class–factory workers and peasants

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
B. Increased opportunities for Education
1. public schools in late 1800s
2. middle-class could afford to send kids to higher
education
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C. Increased democratic participation
1. Voting (Suffrage) Laws
a. Reform Bill of 1832 – allowed middle class men to vote
b. 1884 – all men allowed to vote
c. 1928 – all citizens of age allowed to vote (women also finally allowed
to vote)
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D. Slavery abolished in 1833 (Great Britain)
Urbanization:

III. Urbanization Led to….

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A.
B.
C.
D.
development of the suburbs for the wealthy
housing, diet, and clothing improvements
paved streets, electric lights, sewer systems, fire and police forces
skyscrapers, museums, theaters, and entertainment

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IV. Better farming methods, medical advancements, and improved sanitation led to…
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A. Europe’s population doubled between 1800-1900

V. New technology and business practices led to…

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A. Improved efficiency
1. interchangeable parts and the assembly line

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B. New business models
1. corporations – businesses owned by many investors who buy shares of stock
2. monopolies – corporations that controlled entire industries or areas of the
economy
a. led to increased demand for business regulation by the government

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C. …Impacts around the World…

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I. Spreading of Ideas
A. Other countries, such as Germany, France, Belgium, and the U.S.
began to
industrialize
1. industrialization in these countries also led to similar
economic and social changes
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II. Global Interdependence
A. Countries began to rely on one another for materials and markets
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III. Global Migration
A. better transportation, overcrowding, poor social and political conditions led people to search
of better life
1. many came to the U.S. from 1845-1910
2. Irish potato famine – failure of crops and harsh rule by Britain led to mass migration
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IV. Global Inequalities
A. the gap increased between industrialized and non-industrialized nations’ economic and
political status in the world
B. industrialized nations began to look outside their borders for raw materials, cheap
labor, and new markets
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1. this would lead to racism, warfare (competition for resources), and

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IMPERIALISM!
Mankind Questions Urbanization:
Sanitation in Industrial Mega-Cities:
1. What was the primary cause of death in cities?

2. How did Dr. John Snow discover the true source of the
cholera outbreak?
3. How did the authorities finally stop the outbreak?
4. Parliament finally intervened to stop “The Great Stink.”
What did they do that both reduced death and the
miserable stench?
Urbanization and the Urban Game


Please take a piece of grid paper, on the lined
page of the your notebook, copy down the key that
we will be using for the game.
It is very important that you copy down and label
the image correctly, because it will be important
when playing the game
The Urban Game
A LESSON ON THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Directions


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
Concentrate on listening to the story.
Work quickly to complete each instruction in the
minutes given.
You will be evaluated on your poster and answers to
the questions at the end.
I can’t repeat any part of the story! Listen
and follow the directions carefully. Do NOT ask for
repeating!
It is 1700 in England.

Draw a river across your paper connecting east to
west. The river should be about an inch wide. Draw
a wooden bridge across the river, 4 roads
originating from each direction, 10 houses, a church,
a cemetery, a “commons” area, a store, a pub, a
coal mine, and a lot of trees all over the scene.
By 1745, the scene begins to
change…


Build yourself 1 nice home anywhere on the
map you would like it to be.
Construct a canal to provide better
transportation – it must run parallel to the river.
By 1750, the population begins
to grow a bit.

Add 7 houses to your scene.
By 1760, needs are different.

Take away half of the commons area and add 1
more nice house.
In 1773, the town changes
drastically. No turning back.

Add one factory. The cotton factory must be
located on the river bank.
The factory is changing our town.
By 1774, we are growing. This is
progress!


Add 5 houses, 1 church, 1 pub, and 1 store.
You may draw additional roads and 1 bridge.
Add 5 new factories.
Things will only get better with
this progress! Right?
By 1780, with all of the new
factories, the demand for labor
has grown our population. People
are coming from all around the
town for work.

Add 5 tenements.
By 1781, the new population
requires more…


Add 1 store, 1 pub, and 1 church.
Add 1 school for boys.
While much of the population works
in the factories for low wages, there
is a small middle class and an elite
upper class of owners. They need
the schooling for their boys.
By 1782, many of the workers in
the factories need something to
help them forget the hard work
they do in the factories.

Add 2 more pubs.
By the next year, 1783, other
wealthy investors come to town.

Add 2 large, special, luxury homes.
By 1784, the new owners begin
bringing more progress for our
town.

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Add 10 more factories.
Add a huge monster house.
As the century turns in 1800, we
are definitely seeing the costs of
progress. We need to find more
energy and update our town to
support the factories.

Add 1 new coal mine and a new iron bridge to
replace the old wooden bridge.
This progress is really taking its
toll… By 1815, the town is no
longer as excited about the
factories coming to town.

Add a cemetery, complete with headstones.
Many of the headstones will read the names of
those who died from doing their jobs in the new
factories.
Maybe a new development will
make it all worth it. By 1820, a
new form of transportation is
coming to town.

Add 1 railroad line connecting your factory
district to the outer coal mining regions.
Unfortunately, only the wealthy
will benefit from the new
transportation. The rest just work
and sleep. Some get frustrated
by the situation. By 1827, our
little town has definitely changed.

Add 1 jail and 2 pubs.
Still, progress doesn’t stop. By
1837, we have to find ways to
keep the town up at night to get
the work done.

Draw street lights (fueled by oil), lining your
business and community streets.
The work is never ending. By
1838, with the changes in the
factories for more production, it is
getting more dangerous to go to
work. Many of the injured and
killed are the children working in
the factories.

Add 2 hospitals and 1 cemetery.
For the factory owners, life is
good. They are making money
and need more ways to
transport their goods. By 1840,
another addition comes to town.

Add one more railroad line.
The population to work in the factories
is ever growing. By 1842, there is
great demand for more housing and
for businesses to support the population
changes. Of course, new investors will
come as well.

Add 20 houses, 5 tenements, 2 stores, 1 church, 5
factories, 1 pub, and 1 other huge, nice house.
The middle and upper classes of
our town are demanding social
opportunities. By 1845, our
little town is growing into a full
city.

Add 1 museum, 1 university, 2 theaters, 2 more
private schools.
For the working class, by 1850, life only
gets worse. There are no regulations on the
factories. The pollution is fogging our city.
Workers are being killed or injured every
day. The women and children are no longer
innocent and protected. Times have
definitely changed…

Add 3 more cemeteries, 1 jail, 3 more hospitals all to accommodate the poor victims of urban life.
Wrap-up Questions
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
What changes occurred as the Industrial Revolution
took hold?
How did the appearance of the cities change?
How do you think people’s lives changed as a
result?
What factors are similar to today?
What is different?
Emergence of New Social Classes:


After new social classes notes,
What does a Lady Gaga song parody have to do
with women’s rights and suffrage?
Industrial Revolution Wrap Up: 3,2,1…..



3 Causes of the Agrarian Revolution.
2 Reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in
Great Britain.
1Reason the steam engine was revolutionary.