1.) Nominal and Ordinal
2.) Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio
3.) False. Data at the ordinal level can be qualitative or
quantitative.
4.) False. For data at the interval level, you can calculate
meaningful differences between data entries. You cannot
calculate meaningful differences at the nominal or ordinal
level.
5.) False. More types of calculations can be performed
with data at the interval level than with data at the nominal
level.
6.) False. Data at the ratio level can be placed ini a
meaningful order.
7.) Qualitative
8.) Quantitative
9.) Quantitative
10.) Qualitative
11.) Ordinal. Data can be arranged in order, but the differences between
data entries make no sense.
12.) Nominal. No mathematical computations can be made and data are
categorized using names.
13.) Nominal. No mathematical computations can be made and data are
categorized by region.
14.) Ratio. A ratio of two data values can be formed so one data value
can be expressed as a multiple of another.
15.) Ordinal. Data can be arranged in order, but the differences between
data entries are not meaningful.
16.) Ratio. A ratio of two data values can be formed so one data value
can be expressed as a multiple of another.
17.) Ordinal
18.) Ratio
19.) Nominal
20.) Interval
1.3 Data Collection and Experimental
Design
Objectives:
• How to design a statistical study
• How to distinguish between an
observational study and an experiment
• How to collect thru a survey or
simulation
• How to design an experiment and
create a sample.
Survey
http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/math/al
gtrig/ATS1/StatSurveylesson.htm
Family Feud
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gt1qh_bR-4
Observational Study
Experiment
The study does not attempt to
influence the responses of the
subjects (there is not treatment), the
study is an observational study.
The study applies a treatment to the
subject, the study is an experiment.
Example: Researchers conduct a
study to find the U.S. public approval
rating of the U.S. president. To
perform the study, researchers call
1500 U.S. residents and ask them
whether they approve or disapprove
of the job being done by the
president.
Example: Researchers study the effect
of vitamin D3 supplementation among
patients with antibody deficiency or
frequent respiratory tract infections. To
perform the study, 70 patients receive
4000 IU of vitamin D3 daily for a year.
Another group of 70 patients receive a
placebo daily for one year.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_OJzgkKe2A
What is a placebo?
It is a fake treatment.
Why would researchers use a placebo?
Talk to someone next to you and come up
with at least one reason.
Experiment
Two Experimental Units
Treatment Group
(treatment is applied)
Control Group
(No treatment is applied)
Gives the researchers a measurable effect.
For Example:
An experiment was performed in which diabetics took cinnamon extract daily
while a control group took none. After 40 days, the diabetics who took the
cinnamon reduced their risk of heart disease while the control group
experienced no change.
Determine whether the study is an observational
study or an experiment.
Researchers study the effect of vitamin 𝐷3
supplementation among patients with antibody
deficiency or frequent respiratory tract
infections. To perform the study, 70 patients
receive 4000 IU of vitamin 𝐷3 daily for a year.
Another group of 70 patients receive a placebo
daily for one year.
Because the study applies a treatment to
the subjects, the study is an experiment.
Determine whether the study is an observational
study or an experiment.
Researchers conduct a study to find the U.S. public
approval rating of the U.S. president. To perform the
study, researchers call 1500 U.S. residents and ask them
whether they approve or disapprove of the job being
done by the president.
Because the study does not attempt to
influence the responses of the subjects
(there is no treatment), the study is an
observational study.
Determine whether the study is an observational
study or an experiment.
The Pennsylvania Game Commission conducted a
study to count the number of elk in Pennsylvania. The
commission captured and released 636 elk, which
included 350 cows, 125 calves, 110 branched bulls, and
51 spikes. Is this study an observational study or an
experiment?
The study does not apply a treatment to the
elk. This is an observational study.
Ebola Research
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7PTBmuBaEpc
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/831518
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25171469
Observing the Homeless
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZDxuYYx9HQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_bUooR61yQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THxtcWNw3QA