Africa’s Government and Religion Today we are learning about the governments and religions that influenced life in medieval Africa Government & Society • All citizens were allowed to come to a meeting w/ the king to voice complaints. • Kings – settled arguments – Managed trade – Protected the empire • Subjects – Had to obey the king completely Ghana’s Government King Council of ministers (close advisors) Lesser Kings – conquered leaders (governed provinces) District Chiefs (governed smaller districts) Each district had a Chief’s clan (group of people from the same ancestor) • Kings most important job – control trade – No one traded w/out his permission – Illegal to own a gold nugget – Only allowed to trade gold dust • ???? Why not the son???? – Royal blood lines were matrilineal (passed on by mother) – Throne inherited by nephew, not son Mali’s Government • Like Ghana’s but larger – More territory, people, trade • Royal officials – more responsibilities – Specialized- each was in charge of something dif. • Generals – oversaw the provinces divided by Sundiata • Trousers – Military honor – to wear sewn clothes Songhai’s Government • Modeled after Ghana & Mali • Sunni Ali – Divided empire into provinces – Never finished what he started – Died mysteriously in 1492 • Muhammad Ture – general, took over – Loyal Muslim • Religion affected the government Traditional African Religions • Olaudah Equiano – Igbo, disagreed with Europeans – he said they did believe in a higher power • Common Belief - in one supreme god • Communication – Nanti in E. Africa – talk directly to their god – Igbo – only be spoken to through less powerful gods • Helped people stay in touch w/ their history • Dead relatives spirits stayed in the community 3 Major African Religions Today Muslim Christians Traditional Islam in Africa • Ibn Battuta – Arab lawyer from Morocco • 1325- goes to see the Muslim world – Islam had been spreading since 600s • Mansa Musa – ruler of Mali – 1324- made pilgrimage to Makkah Mansa Musa Songhai and Askia Muhammad • Sunni Ali – declared himself a Muslim to keep support of townspeople, but practiced a traditional religion • Sunni’s son – refused • Muhammad Ture – general, took over the gov. when had support of Muslim’s townspeople • Took the name Askia Muhammad – Askia is a rank in the Songhai army – Honored Muslim laws – Made Timbuktu a center for Islamic culture Islam in East Africa • Sultan of Mogadishu was honored by Ibn Battuta visiting • He spoke in both Arabic and Swahili – Swahili – “people of the coast” • The unique culture • The language spoken • Swahili – exist in East Africa today – Blend of African and Muslim influences – Europeans and Portuguese tried to destroy it – Swahili outlived European rule Islam’s Impact • Africans who accepted Islam adopted: – Islamic laws – Ideas of right/wrong – Education – Arabic language – Art/Architecture