Claim
 As the number of issues related to food safety and
horticulture education are increasing, we are going
to argue that learning and knowing the issues
through community gardens such as GreenLeaf
that produce healthy and organic food and develop
the community is important.
Food safety
 History of Food Safety
After World War II, countries such as Japan and the United
States, realized agricultural modernization one after
another that was based on the industrial modernization.
This achievement helped these countries enrich the food
supplies; however, some food safety problems came up.
Food Additives and how they Affect
Children
 What are food additives?
invented in the 1930s
preserve flavors or improve
appearance
 Common additives: coloring
agents, flavoring agents,
sweeteners, preservatives, etc.
Over 3000 additives are used in
USA food industry
Food additives are a burden to
our bodies
 Issues on food additives
standards
Approval process of standard
was only test additives in separate
Standards are based on adults

Effects on children
Smaller body than adults
60 of ‘safe’ additives have been
associated with children’s behavioral
problems
For example - hyperactivity.
(Food colorings and a
preservative, which could be found a
huge amount in soft drinks)
Food-borne disease
 What is food-borne illness?
Food-borne illness is also called food poisoning and is
caused when toxic levels of pathogens or bacteria appear in
food.
Food-borne disease
 Situation:
Many people are facing this disease each year.
 Developed countries:
United States: 14 million illnesses, 60,000 hospitalizations, and 1,800
deaths each year.
Australia: There have been cases of food poisoning over the past 10
years.
 Developing country:
China: 2,305 food poisoning accidents during 2004. 42,876 people
were involved and 255 people died. Compared with 2003, the number of
accidents, the number of people involved and the number of deaths
changed respectively 55.6%, 44.9% and −0.03%.
Education on food safety
 Research done by Yarrow and Remig
Focus on food safety attitudes, beliefs, knowledge and selfreported practices
 Result of the research
Based on their data and conclusion, students in different majors
react to food safety problems very differently. Health major
students are more likely to be concerned about food safety than
non-health major ones.
However, after a proper food safety education, students’
attitudes toward food safety improve, which indicates that
education is helpful and useful.
Education and gardening
background
 Because we know that
food additives cause
negative effects such as
food-borne illness among
children, adults need to
educate children about
sustainability. One of the
most popular activities
about sustainability is
gardening.
Sustainable Horticulture
 Sustainable Horticulture
Sustainable horticulture is the
term that explains the process of
planting or growing organic food
products. Since the term
‘sustainable horticulture’ is fairly
new, if the concept of it is not
developed or supported among
people, the term will lose the
meaning and will not have any
influence on people’s lives.
Education on gardening
 Background
Recently, a lot of educators have
participated in sustainable practices. They
are aware that sustainability, especially in
gardening, needs to be appreciated and
that students can find so much potential
from gardening activities.
 By touching the soil and
planting and growing their own
plants, children gained a
significant amount of general
nutrition knowledge about
 Impact of Garden-Based Nutrition
Education and Positive Effects
gardening. Overall outcomes
Children’s outdoor gardening
experiences helped them to acquire more
learning and understanding skills.
reduced disease risk.
demonstrate good health and
Analysis
Food Safety: The study shows that college students need to be
educated in food safety, one of the most significant parts of daily
life. Not only health major students need to deal with food, but
also all major students need to learn about food and food safety.
Education on food safety is essential to students; and it also will
benefit them in their future lives.
Gardening: Because the experiments about gardening with
children demonstrate positive effects, it is important for people to
be aware how gardening can fix health problems such as diabetes
and improve children’s academic performance.
Solution: GreenLeaf
 GreenLeaf engages youth
in urban agriculture,
farming on available lots
in neighborhoods that
don't have access to fresh
fruits and vegetables.
GreenLeaf: Participants
 At GreenLeaf young people
ages 14 – 18 earn a fair wage
while they grow food for their
communities and explore
issues of health, nutrition, and
social justice.
TED – Leah Bry (GreenLeaf)
 Leah Bry's TED: the founder and executive director of
GreenLeaf
Relationship with the Local Food
Community
 In a society where a lot of
Americans forget about the value
of the food that they are eating
and prefer to eat fast food to save
their time or money, by being
established in a highly
industrialized neighborhood where
people cannot get access to
healthy vegetables or fruits,
GreenLeaf gives opportunities and
suggests people to eat healthy.
Relationship with the Local Food
Community (Cont.)
 20% of food goes to Hunger Relief Organization for
donations
 65% are sold to markets
 15% is consumed from participants
Relationship with the Local Food
Community (Cont.)
 Discovered what it's like to
make personnel decisions since
he and his co-workers jointly
hire new staff.
 Become adept at public
speaking, giving presentations
in huge auditoriums and
fielding questions from
listeners.
 Learned about aquaponics – a
cutting-edge, sustainable food
production system – plus a lot
of old-fashioned gardening
techniques.
 Tasted fresh fruits and
vegetables that he had never
even heard of before, such as
a haogen melon that was
"incredible."
 Learned business skills and
honed better work habits
such as getting to his job on
time every day.
Result of the survey
School of Year
Ethnicity
Freshman
Sophmore
Caucasian
Junior
Black
Senior
Asian
Others
Gender
Female
Male
Result of the survey
States in US
Colorado
Texas
California
Illinois
Hawaii
Oregon
Do you think you are
eating healthy?
Yes
No
Probably
Yes
Porbably
No
Between
Yes and
No
Conclusion
 Positive effects through community gardens are
demonstrated by children's improved health and
academics. GreenLeaf is a great example. If more
schools and families become involved in
community gardens, people will reach more
fruitions.