PMBOK® Guide / PMI® / PMP®
-
6σ
PMBOK® Guide and Six
Sigma – Basics
Six Sigma (or more recent: Lean Six Sigma) uses
projects to attain dramatic improvements in
production and services.
What are the commonalities and differences
with PMI®‘s methods?
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PMBOK® Guide and Six
Sigma – Basics
What can we learn from Six Sigma?
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PMBOK® Guide and Six
Sigma – Basics
Contents
1: What is Six Sigma?
2: What Six Sigma Does
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1: What is Six Sigma?
1: What is Six Sigma?
Six Sigma was based on groundbreaking work
of Dr. Walter Shewhart, between the two world
wars at Hawthorne, Il, USA.
Dr. Shewhart was the inventor of modern
quality control based on statistics.
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1: What is Six Sigma?
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1: What is Six Sigma?
Dr. Shewhart recommended to strive for 3σ
quality.
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1: What is Six Sigma?
Gaussian standard curve
3σ
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2σ
1σ
μ
1σ
2σ
3σ
1: What is Six Sigma?
Motorola (1986, Bill Smith), GE and other
companies found 3σ insufficient for modern,
complex products:
With growing numbers of items, production
yields go down to fast.
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1: What is Six Sigma?
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1: What is Six Sigma?
A special problem:
Chip wavers had
only 30% and less
production yield.
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© image: Steve Evans
1: What is Six Sigma?
Over time, processes get worse, e.g. by wear
and tear of tools between to replacement
cycles.
This is sometimes described by allowing a 1.5σ
process shift.
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1: What is Six Sigma?
A new quality goal was defined:
Further reduce the error level by a factor of
~1/1,000, even including the process shift.
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1: What is Six Sigma?
~3,000 DPMO
3σ
3σ
2σ
1σ
1σ
~3.4 DPMO
3σ
Process
shift
6σ
6σ
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2σ
5σ
4σ
3σ
2σ
1σ
1σ
2σ
3σ
4σ
5σ
6σ
DPMO: Defects per 1 million opportunities
1: What is Six Sigma?
Once the 6σ quality goal of 3.4 DPMO has been
achieved, even complex systems will attain a
high yield.
Losses from low system quality (“cost of poor
quality”, COPQ) will go down.
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1: What is Six Sigma?
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1: What is Six Sigma?
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1: What is Six Sigma?
As of 2006 Motorola reported over US $17
billion in savings from Six Sigma.
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1: What is Six Sigma?
Another application:
Thousands of
Dabawallas in India
apply Six Sigma
methods to deliver
home-cooked food.
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© image: Steve Evans
1: What is Six Sigma?
Some examples for Six Sigma application in DACH:
Engineering
Finance and
Insurance
Distribution
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Automotive
Medical
IT, Consulting
Logistics
Service
Production
...
2: What Six Sigma Does
2: Methods of Six Sigma
Six Sigma uses 2 phase models
for improvements:
• DMAIC
• DMADV (= DfSS)
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2: Methods of Six Sigma
Six Sigma uses various techniques:
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2: Methods of Six Sigma
Six Sigma uses a special role model with
popular certifications:
Six Sigma Champions:
Project sponsors
and mentors
Six Sigma Black Belts:
Full-time project
managers
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Six Sigma Master Black Belts:
Full-time program managers,
PMO heads and educators
Six Sigma Green Belts:
Part time project
coordinators and
assistants
3: From Six Sigma to Lean Six
Sigma
3: From Six Sigma to Lean
Six Sigma
History
Total Quality Management
Six Sigma (Motorola, GE)
Striving for dramatic revolutions by
means of projects.
Focus on improving output
precision.
Goal: Reducing cost of bad quality.
Lean Manufacturing /
Management (Toyota)
Striving for continuous
improvement.
Focus on reduction of product
stocks and process waste.
Goal: Short cycle times and just in
time production and service.
Lean Six Sigma
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3: From Six Sigma to Lean
Six Sigma
Six Sigma is “TQM on steroids”.
Lean applies a “pull” approach on production,
i.e. it is driven from the output side, not input.
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3: From Six Sigma to Lean
Six Sigma
Experts today try to combine the methods to
get the best of both worlds.
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4: What can we learn from (Lean)
Six Sigma?
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4: What can we learn from
(Lean) Six Sigma?
The project management approach of Six
Sigma is rather simple:
• 2 alternative phase models
• No complex life-cycle descriptions
• No process orientation for project management.
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4: What can we learn from
(Lean) Six Sigma?
Common elements shared with the PMBOK
Guide:
•
•
•
•
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Based on the Shewhart/Deming cycle (P-D-C-A)
Emphasis on customer satisfaction
Appreciation of stakeholder orientation
Team approach
4: What can we learn from
(Lean) Six Sigma?
Common caveats shared with the PMBOK
Guide:
• Some companies have achieved quick wins
through implementations.
• One should not expect repetiton in the own
organization. Benefits are rather long-term.
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4: What can we learn from
(Lean) Six Sigma?
The deeply hidden gem of Six Sigma:
The Implicit Focus on
Management Attention
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4: What can we learn from
(Lean) Six Sigma?
The role of the (Lean) Six Sigma Project
Champion:
•
•
•
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More than an Initiator – a true project sponsor
Deeply linked with the project, involved in it.
Takes an active role in critical processess like
change request management.
4: What can we learn from
(Lean) Six Sigma?
The (Lean) Six Sigma Project Champion:
•
•
•
•
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...remove roadblocks.
...assign, define and align roles.
...develop the core structure of the Six Sigma
team.
...own the process, guarantee implementation.
Thank you