Senior Seminar
Mrs. Civitella

The framers of the Constitution created the system as a compromise after considering election of the president by Congress, election by the state legislatures, and election by the people (popular vote). Some historians believe that the framers were concerned about having the president elected directly by the people.

Electors are often loyal party activists, state party leaders, and state officials .
In Pennsylvania, the campaigns choose their own electors . The only real things that can disqualify you from being an elector are holding a federal office or having engaged in some sort of insurrection against the U.S. government.

The electors gather in their state capitals on the
Monday following the second Wednesday in
December. They cast one vote for president and one for vice president . No federal law binds electors although some states do have such laws that have never been enforced. So, electors can vote any way they wish, although they have rarely gone against the popular vote.

4. How many electoral votes are there?
How are they divided among the states?
There are 538 electoral votes total. Each state receives the number of electors equal to the total number of Senators and Representative in Congress it has. The District of Columbia also receives 3 electoral votes. Most states use a winner-take-all system: the candidate that wins the popular vote gets all of the state’s electoral votes. Maine and Nebraska allocate their electoral votes proportionally.

5. How many electoral votes are needed to win? What if no candidate receives a majority? Has this ever happened?
• 270 votes are needed to win . If no candidate receives a majority, the House of
Representatives selects the president from the top three candidates and the Senate selects the Vice President. Each state gets one vote.
This happened in 1800 and 1824.

6. How often have the results of the
Electoral College differed from the popular vote?
• Three times: 1876, 1888, 2000
• 1876- Hayes vs. Tilden
• 1888- Benjamin Harrison vs. Grover Cleveland
• 2000- Bush vs. Gore

What are the PROS of the Electoral
College system? Who favors it? Whom does it benefit?
• Benefits:
1. Requires a distribution of support
2. Contributes to national unity
3. Protection of minority interests within a given state
4. Encourages a two-party system and two candidates vs. numerous candidates
5. A two-party system creates national stability since compromise must occur within parties
6. Gives the states a role in federal elections

What are the CONS of the Electoral College system? Who does not favor or might like to change it?
• Cons/concerns:
• Concentration of campaigning in certain states
• Could elect a president who did not win the popular vote
• Could depress voter turnout
• Over-representation of small/rural states
• Mis-representation of the people’s vote due to the winner-take-all system

Answer the following in paragraph form:
1. Are you for the electoral college system or do you think that it should be changed?
2. Explain your answer using at least two reasons that you find to be the most important.
3. Why do you believe that the system continues in our country?