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St James’s CE High School

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1.Read

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3.Knowledge

4.Articulate


Describe the characteristics of circuit training and explain how it could be used to improve an individuals health and fitness (6 marks)


Read

( highlight / underline IMPORTANT /

KEY WORDS )


In your answer you may consider:

Features of circuit training improvement in health improvement in fitness any other relevant information


Comprehend

( what is the question asking you for?)


1. Describe characteristics circuit training

2. Explain how to improve health and

3. Explain how to improve fitness


Knowledge

(what you have been taught by your teacher!)


1. Describe characteristics circuit training



Don’t just spray everything over the paper –go through it – plan where you can!


Articulate

(what are the key words that it is asking for you to do?)


1. Describe characteristics of circuit training





Articulate

Describe the characteristics of circuit training and explain how it could be used to improve an individuals health and fitness

(6 marks)

Describe

Circuit training involves a number of exercises (6-10) performed at stations, arranged to avoid exercising the same muscle groups consecutively. Each exercise is carried out for a set time / repetitions before moving on to the next station.

Explain how to improve fitness

Eg. Circuit training can be used to improve an individuals fitness. Fitness is the ability to meet the demands of the environment. The advantage of circuit training is that it can be designed to improve any type or more than one type of fitness whether it be health or skill related. An example of this would be if you wanted to improve your speed you would perform activities like shuttle runs and bench steps, whereas if you wanted to improve your upper body strength, you would perform activities such as, shoulder extensions and bicep curls.


The following slides are guidance and an example of some of the content that the examiners are looking for, they are not the full answers


2011

Explain how the range of roles available in physical activity should provide sufficient opportunity for all to become or remain involved in sport/physical activity.

• In your answer you may consider :

• the range of roles available to become, or remain, involved in physical activity

• the personal qualities needed to fulfil the range of roles available in physical activity

• how the range of roles provides opportunity for all to stay or become involved in physical activity.


2011

Explain how the range of roles available in physical activity should provide sufficient opportunity for all to become or remain involved in sport/physical activity.

• In your answer you may consider :

• the range of roles available to become, or remain, involved in physical activity

• the personal qualities needed to fulfil the range of roles available in physical activity

• how the range of roles provides opportunity for all to stay or become involved in physical activity.


What the examiner is looking for…..

There are lots of ways to become or remain involved in Physical Activity, such as being a performer or player in a sport, umpiring, coaching or being a trainer . If you are not good at playing a sport like football you may still be able to take part in the sport by umpiring if you know the rules or coaching. To do this you need to be organised, a good communicator and enthusiastic to help people who are participating.


2011

A healthy, active lifestyle will have an impact on the body systems. Describe some of the effects of participation on the body’s cardiovascular and muscular systems.

In your answer you may consider :

• the immediate and short-term effects of participation on each system

• the effects of regular participation and long-term effects on each system.


2011

A healthy, active lifestyle will have an impact on the body systems. Describe some of the effects of participation on the body’s cardiovascular and muscular systems.

In your answer you may consider :

• the immediate and short-term effects of participation on each system

• the effects of regular participation and long-term effects on each system.



The short term effects of exercise on the Cardiovascular system are an increase in heart rate as more Oxygen is needed to be pumped to the working muscles.

Stroke Volume increases over time as you are pumping more blood out due to

Hypertrophy of the heart. There is also a decrease in resting Heart rate as the heart is more efficient.


2012

Eshan is inspired by performers in the run up to the

London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, and is determined to improve his performance. He decides to set SMART targets as a first step to achieving his long-term goal.

• Discuss the use of target setting to improve performance.

• You must make reference to examples in your answer


2012

Eshan is inspired by performers in the run up to the

London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, and is determined to improve his performance. He decides to set SMART targets as a first step to achieving his long-term goal.

• Discuss the use of target setting to improve performance.

• You must make reference to examples in your answer



SMART targets are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and

Time bound. They are required so that you know how quickly you have achieved the target, but will also allow to set the next level. A target needs to be specific, for example running 800m faster by 1 second. It must be measureable so you can see improvements. It needs to be achievable. 1 second is possible, however if you wanted to improve by 10 seconds this would not be the case, if it is not achievable then you may give up. It needs to be realistic so the targets are physically achievable in the time you give yourself so your self esteem remain high. Finally a SMART target must be Time bound. This way you can have a time to which you can see if the target you have set yourself has been achieved, it is also a motivation factor that you want to complete something by then.


2012

The ability to identify and reduce risks associated with physical activity is essential to minimise injury.

• For a physical activity of your choice, explain how to reduce a variety of risks associated with that activity in order to maintain physical health.

• Your named physical activity

...............................................................................


2012

The ability to identify and reduce risks associated with physical activity is essential to minimise injury .

• For a physical activity of your choice, explain how to reduce a variety of risks associated with that activity in order to maintain physical health.

• Your named physical activity

...............................................................................



Rugby

To minimise risks in rugby there are rules and regulations as well as equipment . Players wear rounded studs on the boots so that any player on the floor is less likely to get injured if you stand on them.

A gum shield will reduce the chances of your teeth getting knocked out and also reducing concussion as it will absorb shock at the jaw and head.


2013

Discuss the relative importance of agility and reaction time for performers competing in the

types of activity shown in Figure 7.


2013

Discuss the relative importance of agility and reaction time for performers competing in the

types of activity shown in Figure 7.



Agility is being able to change position quickly (and to control the movement of the whole body). Reaction time is the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the onset of movement. Agility is required to allow quick change of direction after completing one shot to play the next e.g. from backhand clear to front court forehand net shot. Reaction time is required because shuttle moves quickly very little time and the player needs to decide where shuttle is going/how to respond.

In conclusion good reaction time more important to a badminton player than agility because if they can’t make quick decisions they won’t be able to outwit their opponent and therefore they won’t be able to win rallies.


2013

Extreme body types (somatypes) are classified as endomorph, mesomorph or ectomorph.

• Discuss whether an extreme mesomorph would be the ideal body type for endurance activities such as long distance running.


2013

Extreme body types (somatypes) are classified as endomorph, mesomorph or ectomorph.

• Discuss whether an extreme mesomorph would be the ideal body type for endurance activities such as long distance running .



Mesomorphs are Muscular with broad shoulders. Ectomorphs are Slim and often tall with long limbed. Endomorphs have wide hips, narrow shoulders and weight loss.

Ectomorph is an ideal somatotype as they are tall therefore they have a greater stride length to cover distance quicker. Mesomorphs are not suited to endurance events due to their muscle mass being heavy. This means they are more suited to power / speed events. In conclusion, An ectomorph has a lighter frame therefore less demanding physically than for other body types to complete the distance. Therefore although a mesomorph could run in this type of event it is not the ‘ideal’. The extreme body type for long distance runner would be better to be ectomorph.


2014

Discuss, using examples, how the principles of training can improve the fitness of a group of

GCSE PE students.


2014

Discuss , using examples , how the principles of training can improve the fitness of a group of

GCSE PE students.



Fitness is the ability to meet the demands of the environment. To improve it the students will have to use progressive overload and the

FITT principle (Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type). This means that training should get harder as it continues in successive sessions. In order to improve fitness through the FITT principles means the type of training methods the students could use (I.e. weight, fartlek, circuit) must be appropriate for their sport / area they want to improve

(individual needs). Rest and recovery is used to prevent injury and to allow the systems to allow adaptation to occur. Rest is the time taken to allow your body to recover, so students should put rest in their training.

Progressive overload is gradually increasing the intensity of workload causing the body to adapt, allowing the students to increase fitness.


2014

Discuss the use of steroids to enhance performance in athletic events.


2014

Discuss the use of steroids to enhance performance in athletic events.



A shot putter may take steroids to increase muscle mass, allowing them to put the shot further as they can generate more power as power is strength x speed . Recovery time is decreased if injured, therefore able to return to training quicker so less chance to lose adaptations. There are a few reasons why an athlete may not take steroids. An athlete will get banned/disqualified from competition if drugs are found in body after random drugs testing.

It can also lead to aggression, causing athletes to lose focus, meaning their performance will drop. In conclusion, the advantages are more beneficial for athletes who need power more than endurance athletes.

Therefore the type of athletes that are more likely to take them are sprinters. However there are lots of ethical and health risks to consider and therefore shouldn’t be taken to enhance performance.


Example ones

• Chloe is a good all-round sports performer and could represent her school in many different sports. Evaluate the potential influence of different factors on Chloe’s choice of physical activities.


Example ones

• Chloe is a good all-round sports performer and could represent her school in many different sports. Evaluate the potential influence of different factors on Chloe’s choice of physical activities .



There are many different factors that will affect Chloe's choice of physical activities. These are Cultural, Health,

Resources, Image, Socio – Economic and People. The people that will affect her participation are family, peers and role models. If her family are involved in sport then she is likely to have been introduced to a sport by them and encouraged to participate in the sport. If her peers participate in the school team then she may also take part as she likes the co-operation / teamwork. She may take part in the sport as she has a role model who also plays the sport.

In conclusion there are many influences on her participation………………


• Discuss ‘power’ and its relative importance to each type of participant (Tennis, Javelin,

Distance Runner).


• Discuss ‘power’ and its relative importance to each type of participant ( Tennis, Javelin,

Distance Runner ).



Power is the ability to undertake strength performances quickly. Power = strength x speed. It is used in Tennis when serving or playing a shot. It gives the opponent less time to decide what to do, however it is not used continuously in a match. A Javelin thrower will use it to through the javelin as far as possible as a maximum force is needed and is important part of fitness for them. A long distance runner will need power when sprinting for the line, or getting away from opponents.

It is not however as important as cardiovascular endurance or speed. Therefore, all of the events will need power at some stage. It is more important in

Javelin as power will have a more direct impact on the outcome than tennis and long distance running.


• Describe the training principles of rest and recovery and explain why they are important.


• Describe the training principles of rest and recovery and explain why they are important.



Rest is the period of time allocated to recovery.

Recovery is the time required for repair of damage to the body. Both are needed to all enough rest to allow recovery to happen. This can be done in training, by training alternate days / working alternate muscle groups. They allow the body to replenish energy stores that have been used. It also allows adaptations such as hyper trophy to occur.

Finally, by resting, a person will not over train, therefore this will reduce the chances of them getting injured.


Model Answers - How to write

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PAST PAPERS

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Describe the characteristics of circuit training and explain how it could be used to improve an individuals health and fitness (6 marks)

Read

Describe the characteristics of circuit training and explain how it could be used to improve an individuals health and fitness (6 marks)

Comprehend

Knowledge

Articulate

Articulate

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Model Answers - How to write

EXAM TECHNIQUES

PRACTISE

PAST PAPERS

& QUESTIONS

Describe the characteristics of circuit training and explain how it could be used to improve an individuals health and fitness (6 marks)

Read

Describe the characteristics of circuit training and explain how it could be used to improve an individuals health and fitness (6 marks)

Comprehend

Knowledge

Articulate

Articulate

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