Formal and Informal Learning Environments

advertisement

Formal and Informal

Learning

Environments

YALSA Research Agenda Priority Area 4

ALA Midwinter 2012

YALSA Research Forum

Annie Downey

University of North Texas

1

The Research Agenda

• “For those doing research on 21st century library services for young adults, a singular challenge lies in exploring the intersections of formal and informal environments (along with friendship-driven and interestdriven pursuits) with library-related activities as varied as adolescent development and literacy acquisition” (Harris,

2011)

• An example of this type of intersection

• Quest to Learn

Harris, F. (2011). Gimme shelter: Informal and formal learning environments in library land. Retrieved from http://www.yalsa.ala.org/jrlya/2011/11/gimmeshelter-informal-and-formal-learning-environments-in-library-land/

2

Key Points / Topics of Inquiry

• Think of learning when designing spaces – intentionally creating learning spaces

• Technology in learning environments

• Digital divide

• Access to technology AND access to specific resources

• Inventory of technologies being used (also how usage relates to income, gender, and ethnicity)

• Data driven understanding of technology use

• Effect of filters

• Tech skills of YAs

• Online learning - in formal learning environments

3

Key Points / Topics of Inquiry

• Interest-driven learning

• Value of informal learning

• Limitations created by the structure of formal learning environments can affect informal learning (such as setup of space, filters, etc.)

• Supporting informal learning in formal learning environments

4

Learning Environments Defined

• “The social, physical, psychological, and pedagogical contexts in which learning occurs and which affect student achievement and attitudes” ( from Learning

Environments Research: An International Journal published by Springer)

Formal

Classrooms

Computer Labs

Libraries

Online classes

Informal

Home

Science centers

Museums

Libraries

Field trips

Social media

5

Research Methods

• Surveys

• Ethnography

• Structured Observation

• Text and Speech Analysis

• Semiotics

• Interviews

• Focus groups

• Critical approaches

• Statistical analysis

• Combination of qualitative and quantitative is common and often preferred for this type of research

6

Questionnaires

• A long history in learning environment research

• Many valid instruments to use

• Learning Environment Inventory (LEI)

• Classroom Environment Scale (CES)

• Individualised Classroom Environment Questionnaire (ICEQ)

• Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI)

• Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (QLES)

• What is Happening in This Class? (WIHIC)

• Distance Education Learning Environments Survey (DELES)

• Questionnaire data is often used in conjunction with learning outcome data

• A good history and summation of the above instruments

: Fraser, B. J.

(2002). Learning environment research: Yesterday, today and tomorrow. In S. C. Goh & M.

S Khine (Eds), Studies in educational learning environments: An international perspective

(pp. 1-26). Singapore: World Scientific.

7

Ethnography and Observation

• Can be simple or very complex

• Check out articles in the field of educational anthropology for guidance

• Examples from academic libraries

• Studying Students: The Undergraduate Research Project at the

University of Rochester

• Ethnographic Research in Illinois Academic Libraries (aka ERIAL

Project)

• AnthroLib Library in Zotero has more examples – includes examples of using ethnography techniques for online environments

8

Pew Research

• Use their reports or other publications for background information, stats, or ideas

• Teens, Kindness and Cruelty on Social Network Sites

• Generations 2010 (datasets are also available for download)

• The new normal in the digital age

• Speaking the language of the next generation

• Reading, Writing, & Research in the Digital Age

• More: http://www.pewinternet.org/Topics/Topic-Category-

1/Teens.aspx

• Use their data for your own study

• Trend Data for Teens http://www.pewinternet.org/Static-

Pages/Trend-Data-for-Teens.aspx

• Data Sets http://pewinternet.org/Data-Tools/Download-

Data/Data-Sets.aspx

9

Kaiser Family Foundation

• Focused on major health care issues, including the effect of media on health

• Generation M 2 : Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds

• is the third in a series of large-scale, nationally representative surveys by the Foundation about young people’s media use. It includes data from all three waves of the study (1999, 2004, and

2009), and is among the largest and most comprehensive publicly available sources of information about media use among

American youth.

10

Additional Quantitative

Sources

• The GFI® Software 2011 Parent-Teen Internet Safety Report

• This survey is a probability sample – designed to be nationally representative - of 535 pairs of teens ages 13-17 and their parents in households with Internet access.

• UNESCO ICT in Education

• International perspective

• Some data available; more forthcoming

11

Designing a Study - Tips

• Choose your method

• Your question should guide you

• Be very clear on your what you want to find out

• Familiarize yourself with the method you have chosen

• Make sure you understand the important concepts

• Do a GOOD literature review

• can be before or after you choose your method

• Can be very helpful when trying to develop your question

• Sample size: how many people should I study?

• Quantitative - formula-based

• Qualitative – no clear boundaries; supposed to reach saturation

12

Designing a Study - Tips

• Analyze your results

• Evaluate the quality of your study

• Quantitative

• Reliability

• Validity

• Qualitative

• Credibility

• Transferability

• Dependability

• Write it up and submit for publication

13

Resources for Research Help

• Research Methods Knowledge Base – covers the basics of research

• Open Learning Initiative’s Statistics and Probability course – full, free stats course from Carnegie Mellon University

14

Questions?

• Annie Downey

• Head, Research and Instructional Services

• University of North Texas Libraries

• Denton, TX

• Annie.downey@unt.edu

15

Download