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Parallel Structure
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February 18, 2014
 LG: Identify
and create sentences with
parallel structure in order to understand
how authors utilize parallel structure.
 SC: Parallel
structure practice activity
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Plan For the Day
 Entry
Routine-Silent Discussion
Reflection
 Quick
notes on parallel structure
 Parallel
 Create
structure practice
4 sentences with parallel
structure
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Sentence Structure Background
 Parts
1.
of a Sentence:
A phrase is any part of a sentence that
does not make the sentence whole
when it stands alone.
EX: The dog went to the vet.
2. A clause is a piece of a sentence that is
made up of a subject and a verb phrase.
EX: Since she is older than her brother,
she tells him what to do.
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Parallelism
 Parallel
structure is the use of the same
pattern of words that show that two or
more ideas have the same level of
importance.
 This
can happen at the word, phrase, or
clause section of a sentence.
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Parallel Structure Examples
 Mom
asked us to clean our rooms quickly,
quietly, and thoroughly. (All adverbs)
 We
rode our bikes up the hill, down the hill, and
through the park. (Directions in the phrases)
 John
wrote his paper, read it carefully, and
revised it at the end. (The verbs are all in past
tense within the clauses)
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Parallel Structure Rules
 Verb
agreement- The verbs in a sentence
using correct parallel structure should
be of the same form and tense.
 “And” or “or” need
the sentence.
to be included within
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Incorrect Use of Parallel Structure
 Cinderella
loves dancing, singing, and to ride in
carriages. (the verb forms do not match)
 Rapunzel
is kind, caring, and has a sly
personality. (The last clause does not go with the
two adjectives)
 Either
the ogre will knock down the bridge or the
giant had schemed to find a new magical harp.
(The verb tenses do not match)
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Why do author’s use parallel
structure?
 To
convey comparison or contrast,
effective writers use the same form of
words, phrases, clauses, or sentences.
 Writers
use parallel structures to
strengthen the connection between ideas
and to establish a rhythm.
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Your Turn!
 For
each of the following sentences, write on
your page protector whether the sentence has
parallel structure or not with a whiteboard
marker.
 Simply
 Hold
write “parallel” or “not parallel”.
up your sign once you answer it.
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Parallel or Not Parallel?
The horses like prancing,
galloping, and running.
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Parallel
 The
horses like prancing, galloping, and
running.
 The
verb tenses match.-“ing”
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Parallel or Not Parallel?
Mom
asked us to clean our
rooms quickly, quietly, and in a
thorough manor.
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Not Parallel
 Mom
asked us to clean our rooms quickly,
quietly, and in a thorough manor.
 There
 How
are two adverbs and then a phrase.
would you correct this and make the
sentence parallel?
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Parallel or Not Parallel?
Either
the ogre will knock down
the bridge or the giant will
scheme to find a new magical
harp.
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Parallel
 Either
the ogre will knock down the bridge or
the giant will scheme to find a new magical
harp.
 The
verb tenses match with the two clauses.
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Parallel or Not Parallel?
John
wrote his paper, read it
carefully, and revising was the
last think that he did.
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Not Parallel
 John
wrote his paper, read it carefully, and
revising was the last thing that he did.
 The
verb tenses do not match and the last
phrase takes away from the flow of the
sentence.
 How
would you change this sentence to have
parallel structure?
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Create It On Your Own…
 With
the remaining time in class, write 4
sentences that correctly use parallel
structure.
 This
needs to be turned in to the front
middle desk before you leave the
classroom.
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ACT Practice Instructions:
 Define
all of the words from the answers if you
do not know them.
 Read
the vocabulary questions
 Complete
 We
the vocabulary questions
will go over the answers with clickers.
 Complete
vocabulary exit ticket
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Vocabulary Exit Ticket
 Three
words I learned today and their
definitions:
1.
2.
3.
 Write
a sentence with ONE of the words.
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Juxtaposition
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Thursday, February 19
 LG: Identify
and create juxtaposition in
writing in order to understand why
authors utilize juxtaposition.
 SC: Juxtaposition
practice (Poem
annotations and chart)
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Plan For the Day
 Finish
the parallelism activity and write 4
sentences using parallel structure (10 mins)
 Quick
 Read
notes on juxtaposition
a poem and identify juxtaposition
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Juxtaposition (Background)
 Juxtaposition
is a form of parallel
structure in that a pattern in used.
 With
juxtaposition the parallel structure
is often throughout the entire piece of
writing instead of just a sentence.
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Juxtaposition
 Juxtaposition
is a literary technique in which
two or more ideas, places, characters and their
actions are placed side by side in a narrative or
poem.
 An
author uses juxtaposition in order to develop
comparisons and contrasts (also why it is a
form of parallel structure)
+ Example of juxtaposition:
“Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight
Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
And you, my father, there on the sad height,
Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray.
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.”
(“Do not Go Gentile into that Good Night”-Dylan Thomas)
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Comparing other dying men to his father
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You try…Where is the
Juxtaposition?
“O, she doth teach the torches to burn
bright!
It seems she hangs upon the cheek of
night
Like a rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear;”
(Romeo and Juliet)
 With
a partner, discuss how this is an
example of juxtaposition
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The juxtaposition is…
“O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright!
It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night
Like a rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear;”
 Comparing
Juliet and the light to the dark
skin of an Ethiopian. The light and dark
imagery are juxtaposed.
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Now Try on Your Own:
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Read the excerpt from “The Wreck of the Hesperus”
poem by Henry Wordsworth Longfellow with a
partner.
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Annotate any examples of theme, rhetorical
features, purpose, and parallel structure within the
text using a visa vis marker.
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Create and fill out the following chart to be turned
in at the end of class. Make sure to answer the
questions in the chart as well.
Example of Parallel
Structure
Example of juxtaposition
(FOR EACH EXAMPLE, EXPLAIN WHY THIS
IS AN EXAMPLE OF JUXTAPOSITION.)
1.
1.
2.
2.
3
3.
4.
5.
Choose one of the 3
examples of parallel
structure. Explain why the
author used parallel
structure for that example.
Why does the author use juxtaposition in this
poem?
What does the juxtaposition in this poem reveal
about the purpose of this poem?
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Antithesis
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Thursday, February 19
 LG: Identify
and create antithesis in writing in
order to understand why authors utilize antithesis.
 SC: Identifying
 Plan
1.
antithesis in a video and in a text
For the Day:
Juxtaposition activity from yesterday (30 mins)
*Annotate poem & fill out chart to be turned in
2. Quick notes on Antithesis
3. If time: Copy down a new chart and watch a video
of Roosevelt’s D-Day speech and record an instance
of antithesis
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You try…
“Good we must love, and must hate ill,
For ill is ill, and good good still;
But there are things indifferent,
Which we may neither hate, nor love,
But one, and then another prove,
As we shall find our fancy bent.”
(“Community” by John Dunn)
 With
a partner, discuss where you see
antithesis within this passage.
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Copy this chart
Parallelism
Juxtaposition
Antithesis
1.
1.
1. (from video)
2.
2.
2.
3.
4.
Choose one of the 2
examples of parallel
structure. Explain why
the author used
parallel structure for
that example.
Choose one of the 2
examples of
juxtaposition. Explain
why the author used
juxtaposition for that
example.
Why does Roosevelt use
antithesis in this speech?
What does the antithesis in this
speech reveal about the
purpose of this speech?
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Monday, February 23
 LG: Identify
and create parallelism, juxtaposition,
and antithesis in writing in order to understand why
authors utilize these forms of sentence organization.
 SC: Skeleton
 Plan
Essay (Summative Assessment)
For the Day:
1.
Antithesis quick activity (20 mins)
2.
Receive the expectations and look-fors for the
summative assessment skeleton essay (5 mins)
3.
Skeleton Essay (30 mins)
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Antithesis
A
writer places two sentences or ideas
near each other that are the exact
opposite of each other.
 Antithesis
is used for comparisons (like
parallelism and juxtaposition)
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Literal Examples of Antithesis
 Love
is the antithesis of hate.
 Yellow

is the antithesis of violet.
Left is the antithesis of right.
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Examples of Antithesis in Text
 “It
was the best of times, it was the worst of
times.” (A Tale of Two Cities-Charles Dickens)
 “To
err is human; to forgive divine.” (“An Essay
on Criticism”-Alexander Pope)
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Antithesis look-fors
Antithesis
(EXPLAIN WHY THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF ANTITHESIS)
1. (from video)
2.
Why does Roosevelt use antithesis in this speech?
What does the antithesis in this speech reveal about the purpose
of this speech?
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Roosevelt’s D-Day Prayer
 Directions: As
you watch the video of
Roosevelt’s actual D-Day speech, write
down one example of antithesis that you
hear in the speech. WE WILL ONLY
LISTEN TO IT ONCE, SO LISTEN
CAREFULLY.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-
weBUzQleo
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Roosevelt’s D-Day Prayer
 Directions: Individually,
take 15 mins to find 2
examples of antithesis in Roosevelt’s speech
and answer the 2 associated questions.
 Make
sure to indicate the example of antithesis
that you pulled from the video version.
 REMINDER: Make
sure to EXPLAIN WHY EACH
EXAMPLE OF ANTITHESIS IS ANTITHESIS.