AP 22 Market Revolutionx

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APUSH: Market

Revolution 1815-1840

Mr. Weber

Room 217

Activator

• Chapter 9 reading test: 15 minutes

• 1. What were the major social effects of the market revolution?

• 2. What revolutionary changes did American slavery undergo during this period?

• 3. What role did immigration play in the market revolution?

• 4. How does the Second Great Awakening relate to the market revolution?

Agenda

• Activator, agenda, and objective (20 minutes)

• Benchmark study strategy: matching game (30 minutes)

• The Market Revolution lecture (30 minutes)

• Teaching each other our DBQs (30 minutes)

• Exit ticket and homework (5 minutes)

Objective

• AP Topic #6. Transformation of the Economy and

Society in Antebellum America

• The transportation revolution and creation of a national market economy

• Beginnings of industrialization and changes in social and class structures

• Immigration and nativist reaction

• Planters, yeoman farmers, and slaves in the cotton

South

Benchmark Review: Matching

• In teams of two.

• Match the key term/event in bold with the appropriate definition or phrase.

• You may use your notes and the book but time is of the essence.

• First team finished will receive extra credit on the exam.

Matching

The Market Revolution

• The New Economy

• Roads and steamboats

• Improvements in transportation lowered costs and linked farmers to markets.

• Improved water transportation most dramatically increased the speed and lowered the expense of commerce.

Transportation and

Communication

• The Erie Canal

• Completed in 1825 and made NYC a major trading port.

• State-funded canal as example for funding for internal improvements.

• Railroads and Telegraphs

• Railroads opened the frontier to settlement

• Telegraph introduced a communication revolution

• Improvements in transportation and communication made possible the rise of the West.

• People traveled in groups to clear land and establish communities.

• Squatters set up farms on unoccupied land.

The Cotton Kingdom

• The market revolution and westward expansion heightened the nation’s sectional divisions.

• Rise of cotton production came with Eli Whitney’s cotton gin.

• The cotton gin revolutionized American slavery.

• Historians estimate that around 1 million slaves were shifted old slave states to deep south between 1800-1860

• Slave trading became organized business.

The Market Society

• Commercial farmers

• The Norwest became a region with an integrated economy of commercial farms and manufacturing cities.

• Farmers grew crops and raised livestock for sale.

• The cities in the East provided credit and a market.

• New technologies:

• Steel plow

• Reaper

The Factory System

• Samuel Slater establishes first factory in 1790

• First large scale factories in 1814 in Waltham, Mass. Then

Lowell, Mass.

• Nature of work shifted from skilled artisan to that of factory worker.

• Mass production of interchangeable parts assembled into standardized products.

• New England textile mills relied primarily on female and child labor.

• South lagged behind the North in terms of factory production.

Growth of Immigration

• Economic expansion fueled demand for labor

• German and Irish settled primarily in Northern cities.

• Reasons for migration (push and pull factors)

• Filled mainly low-wage unskilled jobs

Nativism

• Racist reaction to immigration

• Response to growing Catholic presence (Irish)

• Nativists blamed immigrants for:

• Urban crime

• Political corruption

• Alcohol abuse

• Undercutting wages

Individualism

• Freedom linked to availability of land (Manifest

Destiny)

• National myth and ideology surrounding the “West”

• Transcendentalists responded to competitive materialists individualism of emergent capitalism with idea of self-realization through which individuals remake themselves and their own lives

• Ralph Emerson (“Self-Reliance”)

The Second Great Awakening

• Added religious element to celebration of individual selfimprovement, self-reliance, and self-determination.

• Charles Grandison Finney became a national celebrity for his preaching in upstate N.Y.

• Democratized Christianity

• Promoted doctrine of human free will

• Used opportunities of market revolution to spread their message

Limits of Prosperity

• Opportunities for the “self-made man”

• Jacob Astor and Heratio Alger

• Market revolution produced a new middle class.

• Barred from schools and other public facilities most free African Americans and women were excluded from economic opportunities.

Cult of Domesticity

• New definition of femininity emerged based on values of love, friendship, and mutual obligation

• Virtue became personal moral quality

• Women should find freedom fulfilling their duties in their sphere

Early Labor Movement

• Some felt that the market revolution reduced their freedom

• Economic swings widened gap between rich and poor

• First workingman’s parties est. 1820s

• Strikes were common by the 1830s

• Wage-earners evoked “liberty” when calling for improvements in the workplace

• Some described wage labor as slavery: “wage slaves”

Sharing our DBQs

• Form a reading group and share out your DBQ’s from the “securing the republic,” 1790-1815, period.

• Take notes and ask questions for clarification.

Voices of Freedom

• Pick a quote from Emerson’s “The American

Scholar” and explicate it.

• Pick a second quote from Orestes Brownson’s “The

Laboring Classes” and explicate it.

• Prepare to share your quotes and explanations on

Thursday in class.

Exit ticket and homework

• 1. How was it to read the chapter before hearing lecture about it?

• Homework:

• Explicate 2 quotes from the Voices of Freedom for Thursday.

• Benchmark Thursday.

• Begin reading Chapter 10 on Democracy in America 1815-1840 for next Tuesday.

• Prepare for Friday’s debate on Jacksonian Democracy

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