Standards ◦ User interface standard Design Guidelines Style Guide UIDE Chapter 9 2 Official, publicly available documents that define standards for user interface design ◦ ISO 9241 – Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals ◦ ISO 14914 – Software ergonomics ◦ ISO 13407 – Human-centered design process ◦ ISO 20282 – Operation of everyday products UIDE Chapter 9 3 Benefits: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Systems are easier to understand and use Discomfort and stress are reduced User satisfaction is improved Productivity and efficiency is improved Quality, aesthetics and impact are improved UIDE Chapter 9 4 Essential Elements ◦ Active involvement of and clear understanding of users ◦ Appropriate allocation of functions between users and technology ◦ Iteration of design solutions ◦ Multidisciplinary design perspective Next: Style Guides UIDE Chapter 9 5 A typical guide includes: ◦ Description of required interaction styles and user interface controls ◦ Guidance on when and how to use the various styles or controls ◦ Illustrations of styles and controls ◦ Screen templates UIDE Chapter 9 6 Apple Interface Guidelines Microsoft Windows XP UI Guidelines IBM’s Common User Access Motif Style Guide Sun Microsystems’ Java Look and Feel K Desktop Environment UIDE Chapter 9 7 Helps focus on design issues early Enables use of principles and guidelines Steer decision making and serve as record Ensures consistency UIDE Chapter 9 8 Design Principles: Simplicity, Structure, Consistency, and Tolerance ◦ Simplicity ◦ Structure ◦ Consistency ◦ Tolerance UIDE Chapter 9 9 Fig 9.1 UIDE Chapter 9 10 Organization of the UI in a meaningful way Fig 9.2 UIDE Chapter 9 11 UIDE Chapter 9 12 Uniformity in appearance, placement, and behavior UIDE Chapter 9 13 Prevent user from making mistakes ◦ Prevention ◦ Recoverability Forward error recovery - system accepts the error and helps the user to accomplish their goal Backward error recovery – undo the effects of the previous interaction UIDE Chapter 9 14 Accessibility ◦ The Principles of Universal Design ◦ W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines ◦ Section 508 ◦ The Limitations of Guidelines UIDE Chapter 9 15 Equitable use – useful to diverse abilities Flexibility in use – accommodates a wide range Simple and intuitive use – easy to use & learn Perceptible information – communicates effectively Tolerance for error - minimizes Low physical effort – minimum fatigue Size and space for approach and use UIDE Chapter 9 16 W3c Web Content Accessibility Guidelines ◦ 14 general principles of accessible design 1. Provide alternatives to auditory and visual content 2. Don’t rely on color alone 3. Use markup and style sheets properly 4. Clarify natural language usage 5. Create tables that transform gracefully 6. New technology pages transform gracefully UIDE Chapter 9 17 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Ensure user control of time-sensitive content changes Ensure direct accessibility of embedded user interfaces Design for device independence Use interim solutions (for older browsers to function) Use W3C technologies and guidelines Provide context and or entation information Provide clear navigation mechanisms Ensure that documents are clear and simple UIDE Chapter 9 18 Federal Guidelines UIDE Chapter 9 19 The Benefits of Recording Design Decisions Maintains decision process Valuable to justify design decisions ◦ How to Record Design Decisions Document only key decisions Tabular design is easiest to comprehend Categorized by date UIDE Chapter 9 20 a) a) a) Original work – What was given as the current system? What were the usability principles chosen? Give the initial prototype for Tokairo and what was changed in the prototype? UIDE Chapter 9 21