Organizing Data and
Information
Chapter 5
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• The database approach to data management
provides significant advantages over the
traditional file-based approach.
– Define general data management concepts and terms,
highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the database
approach to data management.
– Name three database models and outline their basic features,
advantages, and disadvantages.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• A well-designed and well-managed database is an
extremely valuable tool in supporting decision making.
– Identify the common functions performed by all database
management systems and identify three popular end-user
database management systems.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• The number and types of database applications will
continue to evolve and yield real business benefits
– Identify and briefly discuss current database applications.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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The Hierarchy of Data
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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The Traditional versus the Database
Approach to Data Management
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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The Traditional Approach
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Traditional Approach
• Data redundancy
• Program-data dependence
• Data integrity
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Database Approach
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Advantages of the Database
Approach
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Advantages of the Database
Approach
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Disadvantages of the Database
Approach
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Data Modeling & Database Models
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Data Modeling and Database Models
• Content - What data should be collected?
• Access - What data should be given to what users?
• Logical structure - How will the data be organized to
make sense to a particular user?
• Physical organization - Where will the data actually be
located?
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Data Modeling
•
•
•
•
Enterprise data modeling
Planned data redundancy
Data model
Entity-relationship diagrams
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagrams
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Data Models
• Hierarchical models
• Network models
• Relational models
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Hierarchical (Tree) Models
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Network Models
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Relational Models
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Relational Models
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Data Cleanup
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Database Management
Systems (DBMSs)
•
•
•
•
•
Provide a user view
Create and modify the database
Store and retrieve data
Manipulate data
Produce reports
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Creating and Modifying the Database
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Data Definition Language
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Creating and Modifying the Database
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Data Dictionary Benefits
•
•
•
•
Reduced data redundancy
Faster program development
Easier data & information modification
Increased data reliability
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Storing and Retrieving Data
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Structured Query Language
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Database Output
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Popular Database Management Systems
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Selecting a DBMS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Database size
Number of concurrent users
Performance
Integration
Features
Vendor
Cost
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Database Management Systems
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Data Warehouses
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Comparison of OLTP and Data
Warehousing
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Database Developments
• Data warehouses
• Data marts
• Data mining
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Data Mining
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Distributed Databases
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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On-Line Analytical Processing
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Open Database Connectivity
(ODBC)
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Object-Relational Database
Management Systems
• Stores objects
• Hypermedia
• Spatial data technology
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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Summary
• Data - one of the most valuable resources a firm
possesses
• Entity - a generalized class of objects for which data is
collected, stored, and maintained
• DBMS - a group of programs used as an interface
between a database and application programs
• Traditional on-line transaction processing (OLTP) do not support the types of data analysis needed today
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan
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