Social Studies 8
Chapter 4: The Exchange of
Ideas
The Exchange of Ideas
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Our primary Inquiry Question is:
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How did the Renaissance spark the
growth and exchange of ideas across
Europe?
The Exchange of Ideas
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Read about Galileo on page 79 (light
blue area).
Why was Galileo sentenced to house
arrest?
With which elements of the worldview
icon did Galileo’s knowledge conflict?
Add ‘R’
The Exchange of Ideas
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Examine the painting on page 78
What does Galileo’s experience tell us
about how difficult it is to change a
worldview?
Science: A New Way of Seeing
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How can discoveries in the sciences
change people’s worldview?
Here is an awesome ‘scientific’
discovery: you can go down the
stairs incredibly quicker if you sit in
a laundry basket.
Science: A New Way of Seeing
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The scientific method
– Attitudes toward science changed during
the Renaissance
– Humanism and individualism encouraged
people to experiment and question
Science: A New Way of Seeing
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Read the quote by Leonardo da Vinci
on page 80
What is da Vinci encouraging us to
do? Why?
Leonardo da Vinci
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“We must consult experience in the variety
of cases and circumstances until we can
draw from them a general rule that is
contained in them. And for what purposes
are these rules good? They lead us to
further investigations of nature and to
creations of art.”
Science: A New Way of Seeing
– The process of making observations,
experimenting, and drawing conclusions
based on evidence is known as the
scientific method.
– This process led to many new discoveries
during the Renaissance.
Science: A New Way of Seeing
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Examine figure 4-3 on page 80
Why is this scientific method so
effective?
Science: A New Way of Seeing
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Does the scientific process force us to
think in certain ‘constructed’ ways?
Can you think of any issues about only
thinking in this rationale?
Science: A New Way of Seeing
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Astronomy
– For thousands of years before the
Renaissance people believed the sun
revolved around the earth.
– See figure 4-7 on page 81
– Europeans believed God put the Earth in
the centre of the universe.
Science: A New Way of Seeing
– Galileo and others discovered that the
earth actually revolved around the sun.
– Examine figure 4-8 on page 81
– This threatened the worldview of the time
Albert Einstein (1941)
• “Science without religion is lame,
religion without science is blind”
• What does this quote make you
think about?
Science: A New Way of Seeing
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Medicine
– Read the first paragraph on page 82.
– What does this prescription for treating
wounds indicate about Medieval
medicine?
Science: A New Way of Seeing
– At the beginning of the Renaissance
people relied on “natural” cures like the
First Nations.
– During the Renaissance medical
knowledge grew as people became more
educated.
First Nation’s Attitudes
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Rely on the wisdom of elders
Use the medicinal power of plants
Focus on the spiritual, emotional and
physical self
Medicine women/men help to establish
harmony between people and nature
Science: A New Way of Seeing
– Most medical advances were made in the
study of anatomy because dissection was
made legal in many cities for the first
time.
Genetically Modified (GM)
Food
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Turn to page 85 and read the section
– Idea of producing plants that have
desirable characteristics
– We are eating chemically enhanced
foods that are affecting our health
Science: A New Way of Seeing
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Mathematics
– Many Renaissance thinkers saw
mathematics as the basic tool for
understanding the universe.
– Turn to page 87 and read about
perspective.
Filippo Brunelleschi
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1377 – 1446
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The first Renaissance architect
Rediscovered the mathematical theory of
perspective
He used perspective drawings to show how
the buildings would look like when
completed