The Chicano
Movement
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Chicano
• A Mexican American
• A term of ethnic pride
• Developed out of the
Hispanic Civil Rights
Movement.
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COLD CALL…
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Chicano
Movement
• Focused on 3 main Points:
–Farm Workers
–Educational Rights
–Voting and Political Rights
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United Farm Workers
• During the 1940’s and 1950’s
landowners in the West, especially
California exploited their workers.
• The U.S. had allowed Mexicans to
work in the U.S. during WWII.
However, after the war employers
were suppose to give preference to
U.S. citizens.
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THINK-PAIR-SHARE…
• THINK – What are 2 ways that the
employers may have “exploited”
the Mexican workers?
• PAIR with someone close to you
• SHARE what you came up with
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United Farm Workers
• Most employers continued to
use Mexican workers, because
they could pay them very low
wages, make them work long
hours without a break, and
mistreat them. They were also
denied the ability to become
citizens.
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United Farm Workers
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United Farm Workers
• Cesar Chavez and Dolores
Huerta joined their two
organizations to create the
United Farm Workers.
• The goal was to unionize for
better wages, working
conditions, benefits.
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United Farm Workers
• The group staged peaceful
protests and boycotts.
• They organized workers which
forced the employers to meet
their demands.
• Filipinos also joined the
workers.
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United Farm Workers
• Benefits:
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–Specific Hours and Pay
–Toilets and Water in fields
–Pension after retirement
–Protective gear against pesticides
–Amnesty for workers brought
illegally.
Educational Rights
• Issues in education:
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–Hispanic students were often
placed in segregated schools.
–Unfair practices against Hispanic
students
–College and University students
worked with African Americans
to established rights for both.
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The
Brown
Berets
and Black
Panthers
met in
the
1970’s.
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Educational Rights
• Groups such as the Brown
Berets and MAYO all formed
to help fight for the rights of
students.
• Students led Walkouts,
Protests, and sit-in through
out the West Coast.
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Educational
Improvements
• Introduction of Bi-lingual
education in public schools.
• Integration of Hispanic
students into White schools.
• Outlawed manual labor as a
punishment.
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Educational Improvements
• Introduction of Black and
Hispanic History classes on
College Campuses.
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Voting and Political Rights
• Hispanic Americans were often
segregated and persecuted as
African Americans had been.
• La Raza Unida Political Party
–Fought for the rights of Hispanic
Americans
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Voting and Political Rights
• 1975: The Voting Rights Act of
1965 is extended to Hispanics.
• University of California v.
Bakke
–Universities could not use
Affirmative Action to limit
Hispanics in Universities.
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