Data Tables & Graphing What is a data table? • A data table is an organized arrangement of information in labeled rows & columns. Column Column 1 2 Row 1 Row 2 Why do we use data tables? • In science, we use them to record observations. • They help us interpret information collected in an experiment. Parts of a Data Table • Title: number, underlined, describes what the data is about. • Table #1 Effects of Fertilizer on Plant Growth • Box: rows & columns • Headings: above columns or to the left of rows; describes data Data Table Practice # 1 • Use a RULER!!! • For two minutes open and close your right hand as fast as you can. Have a partner record the amount of closures every 30 seconds until the 2 minutes are up. Repeat for your left hand. (Before you begin, set up your table) Table #1 Hand Closures Over Time Time (s) 0 30 60 90 120 Number of Hand Closures Data Table Practice #2 • Record the hair colors by sex of your classmates using black, brown, blonde and red as headings. Table #2 Hair Color by Sex Hair Color Black Brown Blonde Red Number of Students Male Female Data Table Practice #3 • Record the amount of kids wearing tennis shoes, sandals, & boots in your class. Table #3 Student Shoe Types in Ms. McNease’s Class Shoe Type Tennis shoes Sandals Boots Number of Students Wearing What is a graph? • A graph is a pictorial representation of the relationship between two quantities. – Independent variable (manipulated) • Controlled by experimentor – Dependent variable (responding) • Something we observe as the result of the experiment Graph Types • Bar graphs • Line graphs • Circle Graphs Bar Graphs • A bar graph is a diagram in which data about separate but related items are compared. • Place the categories on the horizontal axis. • Place the measurements on the vertical axis. Ball Masses 700 600 500 650 400 Mass (g) 300 200 425 280 198.4 155.9 100 58.5 0 Volleyball Tennis ball Baseball Football Type of Ball Basketball Softball Line Graphs Greenhouse Temperatures Temperature (degrees C) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Time (h) • Remember “DRY MIX” • Dependent or Responding variable is plotted on the Y-axis. • Manipulated or Independent variable is plotted on the X-axis. Circle Graphs • A circle graph shows data as parts of a whole. Rose Garden White 18% Red 46% Pink 36% Graphing Rules • Use GRAPH PAPER!!!!! • Title: number (Graph #1), underlined, describes what data is about. • Draw x-axis horizontally, and y-axis vertically. • Label the x-axis with the independent variable heading and the y-axis with the dependent variable heading. Graphing Practice • Identify the variables as independent & dependent variables. Examples • The world population per year – I=year – D=population • Temperature & breathing rate in fish – I=temperature – D=breathing rate Examples • Height of plants per day – I=day – D=height • The number of minutes animals can hold their breath – I=type of animal – D=number of minutes Examples • The amount of rain in different environments – I=environment – D=amount of rain • The amount of body fat in different age groups – I=age group – D=amount of body fat Examples • The grade you make vs. the minutes you study – I=minutes you study – D=grade you make • Heart rate & breathing rate at various temperatures – I=temperature – D=heart rate & breathing rate The End