一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式
的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态：主动语
态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执
行者。
例如：
Many people speak English.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语
many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，
即行为动作的对象,
例如：
English is spoken by many people.
主语English是动词speak的承受者。
二、被动语态的构成
1）被动语态由“助动词be＋
及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过
be的变化表现出来的。
现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中
的构成。
一般现在时
am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时
was／were＋taught
一般将来时
will／shall be＋taught
现在进行时
am／is／are being＋taught
过去进行时
was/were being＋taught
现在完成时
have／has been＋taught
过去完成时
had been +taught
口诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面
2）被动语态的疑问句是把助动词提前到句首。
Has your TV set been repaired? 你的电视机修了吗？
Was the kite broken? 风筝破了吗？
Has the work been done? 工作结束了吗？
3）被动语态的否定式是在助动词后面加 not.
The letter has not been sent out. 信还没有发出去。
The little boy has not been found out. 小孩还没有找到。
The cap has not been mended yet. 帽子还没有补好。
Their money has not been sent to them. 他们的钱还没有
送到他们手中。
三、被动语态的用法
(1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于
1981年。
(2) 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：The window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈
克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.
每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
• 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
• 把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据
被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主
动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
• 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将
主格改为宾格。
例1、All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
例2、They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made by them in the factory.
口诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“
情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的
情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
口诀是：情态动词变被动，情态加be加“过
分”，原来带to要保留。例如：
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away.
It ought to be taken away.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once.
六、有关被动语态的几个问题：
1 "be + 过去分词" 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel,
seem, look, 等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表
语用，表示某种状态。
I'm interested in mathematics. 我对数学感兴趣。
He seems unsatisfied with his work. 他看起来对他的工作
不满意。
We are determined to catch up with the developed countries.
我们决心要赶上发达国家。
The song is called "Don't forget me". 歌曲的名字叫“勿忘
我”。
2）某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。
The food tastes good.
食物很香。
It smells strange. 这有怪味。
The stone feels very cold. 石头摸起来很冷。
The woman's clothes sell well. 女装卖的快。
3) 一般情况下，及物动词才能构成被动语态，但有些
不及物动词组成短语后，也可构成被动语态。
He was looked down upon because of his egoism.
自私而受人冷落。
他因
The children were taken good care of in the orphanage.
孩子们在孤儿院受到了良好的照顾。
七、特殊句子的被动语态
1）双宾语句子如何变成被动语态。
英语有些句子含有两个宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语。
例：The crowd gave the guest a warm welcome.
一个是直接宾语a warm welcome；另一个是间接宾语the guest。
在变成被动语态时，其中一个宾语要成为主语。在一般情况
下，多以间接宾语为主语，直接宾语留在原位
The guest was given a warm welome by the crowd .
但是，如果重点在直接宾语，直接宾语便要变成被动语态的
主语，如:We will offer any capable applicant a competitive salary.
要变成 : A competitive salary will be offered to any capable applicant.
2）名词分句如何变成被动语态，例如：
People generally feel that social workers are
offering valuable services for the public.
这句句子可以以it作为主语，然后把名词分句移到句
子后头去
It is generally felt that social workers are offering
valuable services for the public.
另外一种变法是把名词分句的主语转为被动句的
主语，接着把名词分句的动词变成不定式动词
Social workers are generally felt to be offering
valuable services for the public.
3）怎样把不带to的不定式动词变成被动语
态。例如：
We saw them go out
He made her work
这两句话里， go out和work 不带to，但是
当它们变成被动句时，to出现了：
They were seen to go out.
She was made to work.
八、不用被动语态的情况
1)
不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear, die, disappear, end (vi. 结 束 ), fail,
happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand,
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence,
lose heart, take place.
比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；
raise, seat是及物动词。
请判断下列句子的正误
1. The price has been risen. (F)
2. The price has risen. (T)
3. The accident was happened last week. (F)
4. The accident happened last week. (T)
5. The price has raised. (F)
6. The price has been raised. (T)
7. Please seat. (F)
8. Please be seated. (T)
2. 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch,
agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with,
succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in,
walk into, belong to
3. 系动词无被动语态：appear, be, become, fall,
feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell,
sound, stay, taste, turn
4. 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
(对) She likes to swim.
(错) To swim is liked by her.