AME EDUCATION
SECTOR PROFILE
Jordan
Jordan
A Few Facts …
• 66% of Jordan’s population is below the age of 30.
• More than half of the students in primary education
have left the system by the end of lower secondary
education (from 93% NER in primary to 35% NER in
lower secondary.).
• Only 1.2% of students from remote areas attend
upper secondary education (of an NER of 14.8%).
• Tertiary education enrolls 6.3% of students while the
ASEAN regional average is 23%.
Jordan
Education Structure
Education System Structure
and Enrollments 2007
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Jordan
Education Structure
• Compulsory education in Jordan is ages 6-16.
Net
Gross
Ages
2007
2007
4-5
30%
32.5%
6-11
89%
96%
Education configuration and enrollments
Classification
Level/Grade
Pre-primary Pre-school
Primary, grades 1-6
Lower Secondary, grades 7-10
Pre-university
Academic Sec., grades 10-12
92%
12-16
17-18
Vocational Sec., grades 10-12
17-18
Undergraduate study
18-22
Tertiary
84%
17%
N/A
Post-graduate study
74%
37%*
22+
* Includes all categories of post-secondary.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Jordan National Education Report
Jordan
Population Structure
• 66% of Jordan’s population is below the age of 30.
• Education opportunities available for these young people now will
have serious implications for the country’s future economic growth.
Jordan's Population Structure
2008 (est)
15-29
31%
30-65
31%
0-14
35%
Source: International Labor Organization
65+
3%
Jordan
Education Policy
Relevant Policies:
• National Strategy of the Ministry of Education 20092013.
• National Strategy for Higher Education 2007-2012
• National Education Strategy 2006
Policies available in Arabic at:
http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/format_liste1_en.php?Chp2=Jordan
Jordan
Education Access: Pre-university
• The education system appears to be pretty stable with only the preprimary level growing incrementally.
Pre-university Gross Enrollments
120.0%
GER 1999
100.0%
Enrollments %
GER 2007
80.0%
60.0%
40.0%
20.0%
0.0%
Pre-primary
Primary
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Lower Sec.
Upper Sec.
Vocational
Sec.
Secondary
Jordan
Education Access: Tertiary
Tertiary Gross Enrollments
45
Male
Female
Total
40
Enrollments %
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2000
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Jordan
Education Access: Gender
• Girls in Jordan have consistently enrolled in primary and secondary
levels at greater rates than boys.
Net Enrollments by Gender
95.0%
90.0%
85.0%
Enrollment (%)
80.0%
75.0%
70.0%
65.0%
Boys
60.0%
Girls
55.0%
50.0%
Boys
45.0%
Girls
40.0%
35.0%
1995
1999
2003
Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank EdStats
2005
2007
Jordan
Education Quality: Teachers
• More than half (58%) of the country’s pre-university teaching staff
have only attained a grade 9 or lower education.
• However, 99% of them have received some form of pedagogical
pre-service training.
Education Attainment of Teaching Staff 2007
36%
Primary
L. Sec.
U. Sec.
Graduate
54%
6%
0%
4%
Post-grad
Jordan
Education Quality: Class Density
• Higher pupil-class ratios in secondary education underscore the
inadequate number of classrooms necessary for the increasing
numbers of students at this level.
Pupil-Class Ratios 2001-2006
52
50.4
50
51.3
49.9
48.6
49.2
47.1
48
48.1
46.4
Primary
47.2
46
Lower Sec
45.1
45.9
44
45.1
44.8
Upper Sec
43.5
42
41.3
40
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
Jordan
Education Quality: Completion
Almost 100% of children complete primary education.
Primary Completion Rate by Gender
102
Enrollments (%)
100
98
96
94
Boys
92
Girls
90
88
1996
1999
2000
Source: World Development Indicators
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Jordan
Education Quality: Testing
• The 2007 science score of 482 was slightly below the TIMSS scale
average of 500.
•Jordan ranked 26 out of 45 participating countries on the 2003 science
exam and was first among Arab nations.
Comparison ofTIMSS Scores
500
Average Scores
450
400
350
Math
300
Science
250
200
1999
2003
2007
Source: Trends in International Math and Science Study http://timss.bc.edu/timss2007/index.html
Jordan
Education Equity: Gender/ Geographic Disparities
• Rural students account for 67% of primary enrollments.
• Remote area enrollments have doubled in the last ten years and
account for 7% of total primary enrollments.
Primary Net Enrollments by Location
100
Enrollment Rate (%)
90
80
70
60
Total
Urban
50
Rural
40
Remote
30
1998
2000
2003
2005
2008
Jordan
Education Equity: Income Disparities
• The poorest students have little success in accessing secondary
and university level education.
90.0%
Net Attendance by Income Quintile and Level 2005
Percentage of Students
80.0%
70.0%
82.80%
78.90%
85.70%
72.50%
62.90%
60.0%
48.90%
50.0%
40.0%
30.70%
30.0%
20.0%
17.30%
7.20%
11.50%
8.80%
10.0%
0.0%
0.05%
Poorest
0%
2
3
Income Quintile
Primary
Source:
0.67%
0.12%
Secondary
4
University
Richest
Jordan
Education Efficiency: Expenditure
• More than half (58%) of the country’s pre-university teaching staff
have only attained a grade 9 or lower education.
• However, 99% of them have received some form of pedagogical
pre-service training.
Education Attainment of Teaching Staff 2007
36%
Primary
L. Sec.
U. Sec.
Graduate
54%
6%
0%
4%
Source:
Post-grad
Jordan
Education Efficiency: Expenditure
Jordan is the most efficient country in the MENA region at reducing
repetition based on its public spending on education.
Public spending on education and primary repetition rates
MENA
12
% GDP
Percentage
10
Repetition
8
6
4
2
0
Egypt
Source: World Bank 2008
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Yemen
MENA
OECD
Jordan
Education Efficiency: Repetition
•Repetition rates at primary level are very low.
•The spike in repetition rates at secondary level in 2004 is unexplained
by the data.
Repetition Rates
Percentage Repetition
3
Primary
2.5
Secondary
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1999
2000
Source: World Development Indicators (WDI)
2002
2003
2004
2005
Jordan
Education Efficiency: Repetition
Jordan has been very successful at addressing repetition rates.
Public Spending on Education and Primary Repetition Rates 2003/04
12
% GDP
Repetition
Percentage
10
8
6
4
2
0
Egypt
Source: World Bank 2008
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Yemen
MENA
OECD
Jordan
Education Efficiency: Staff Ratios
• Staff ratios are steadily declining. Non-teaching staff however prefer
to be classified as teaching staff to maintain their pedagogy allowance
and work a 10-month year.
Teaching/Non-teaching Staff Ratios
9
Primary
L. Sec
U. Sec
Total
Staff Ratios
8
7
6
5
4
3
2002
Source:
2004
2006
2008