PErforM for trainers
Insert presenters
names and titles
Workshop aim
How to involve your own people in solving
manual task problems.
Workshop outline
• Background: statistics and legislation.
• PErforM approach to manual tasks risk
assessment.
• Manual task risk factors.
• Practical sessions using PErforM risk
assessment tool.
• Implementing the program.
Statistics
• Musculoskeletal disorders account for around
65% of non fatal workers compensation claims,
of these, approximately two thirds are a result of
hazardous manual tasks.
• Highest risk occupations: labourers, machinery
operators and drivers, technicians and trades
workers, community and personal workers.
Musculoskeletal disorders
• Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are
injuries of the muscles, nerves, tendons,
ligaments, joints, cartilage, or spinal discs.
• MSD are caused by:
– manual tasks
– slips, trips and falls at level
– hitting and being hit by objects.
Meaning of hazardous manual task
“Means a task that requires a person to lift, lower,
push, pull, carry or otherwise move, hold or
restrain any person, animal or thing that involves
one or more of the following:
(a)repetitive or sustained force
(b)high or sudden force
(c)repetitive movement
(d)sustained or awkward posture
(e)exposure to vibration.”
[Schedule 19 - Dictionary]
The legislation
• WHS Regulation 2011
– Hazardous manual tasks, chapter 4,
section 4.2.
• Code of practice
– Hazardous Manual Tasks Code of
Practice 2011.
– Manual Tasks involving the Handling of
People Code of Practice 2001.
What does the regulation say?
“A person conducting a business or
undertaking must manage risks to health
and safety relating to a musculoskeletal
disorder associated with a hazardous
manual task, under part 3.1”. [s60(1)]
Part 3.1 describes using a risk management process
Some ways to manage the risk
• Management / OHS staff identify, assess and
develop controls for hazardous manual tasks
(Using COP, risk assessment tools etc).
• Consultant to assess and assist in developing
controls (ergonomics).
• Use workers job knowledge to identify, assess
and develop controls (PErforM).
• Combination of the above.
What is PErforM?
•
•
•
•
Participative Ergonomics for Manual tasks
simplified manual task risk management program
based on a participative ergonomics approach
internationally recommended approach for reducing
musculoskeletal disorders.
PErforM elements
Outcomes
participation of
workers and
‘others’
management
commitment
and support
site champion
• team training
• communication
• integrated in
systems
• risk management
• evaluation
Adapted from P.Vink et al. (2006). Applied Ergonomics. 537-546.
control of manual
tasks risks
improved health,
productivity
and safety culture
DVD - No sprains, big gains
PErforM risk assessment tool
Worksheet 1 – Manual tasks risk assessment form
• Date of assessment and location.
• Risk assessors.
• Task description.
PErforM risk assessment tool
Worksheet 2 – Risk factor assessment
Risk factors:
Body map:
•
•
•
•
•
• body part
exertion
awkward posture
vibration
duration
repetition
PErforM scale
Exertion
1
How much force is the person using? – think about starting or stopping quickly
2
3
No effort
Awkward posture
1
2
3
2
5
Very
uncomfortable
3
4
5
Moderate
Duration
Extreme
How long is the action performed for?
2
3
10 – 30 min
less than 10
minutes
Repetition
4
30 min – 1 hour
5
1- 2 hours
more than 2 hours
How often are similar actions done?
2
No repetition
4
How much are the whole body or hand(s) being vibrated?
None
1
Maximum
force or speed
Moderately
uncomfortable
Vibration
1
5
How awkward is the person’s posture?
All postures
comfortable
1
4
Moderate
force & speed
3
4
cycle time
<30s
5
cycle time
<10 s
Risk factor rating
1
No
risk
2
3
4
5
High
risk
PErforM task - worksheet 2
Manual tasks related injuries
• Single, one off exposure:
– due to maximum exertion or over load
incident
– quite rare.
• Repeated exposure:
– ongoing wear and tear
– variety of risk factors
– more common.
• Combination of both of the above.
Risk factors: Force
• Greater force greater risk.
• Speed and jerk.
• Factors that
increase effort.
Risk factors: Working postures
• Awkward.
• Static.
Risk factors: Mechanical vibration
• Whole body vibration
– vibration is
transmitted through
the whole body
• Hand/arm vibration
– vibration is
transferred to the
hand/arm via eg use
of a vibrating tool
Risk factors: Repetition
• Short cycle time
< 30 seconds.
Risk factors: Duration
• Time taken to perform the
task once or repeatedly
without a break.
• Amount of time exposed
to a risk factor.
Photos: Daryl Dickenson
Scenario – lifting lid on pre-heater box
Lid was:
• catching on the lip of the pre-heater
resulting in forceful jerky movements
• heavy and awkward to lift
Worker exerting force and awkward
postures to lift the lid on the pre-heater.
Risk Assessment - before
PErforM team control measure
• Sun Metals reduced the forceful exertions and awkward
postures by repairing the lid so that it no longer caught
on the lip of the pre-heater.
• By putting a hinge down the middle of the lid it can easily
be opened from each side.
Pre-heater with lid cut in half
and hinges installed.
Worker opening pre-heater
with lid cut in half and hinges
installed.
Case study - control
Hierarchy of control
Elimination
Elimination
Engineering
Work teams are trained
to use control the
hierarchy to eliminate or
reduce risk
Hierarchy of control
Substitution
Isolation
?
?
Administration
Team lift
• Job rotation.
• Change of workflow.
• Task specific training.
• Preventative maintenance program.
• Personal protective equipment.
Why lifting technique training is not enough
• Evidence to date does not
support lifting technique
training on its own as a
control for manual tasks
risks.
• Risk factors are not
changed.
Work example
2
1
4
5
3
6
What type of training is appropriate?
• Training should include
information on:
– manual task risk management
– specific manual task risks and
the measures in place to
control them
– how to perform manual tasks
safely, including the use of
aids, tools and safe work
procedures
– how to report a problem or
maintenance issue.
Identify hazardous manual tasks
• Ask workers, walk through observations.
• change:
– new manual task created
– change to existing tasks, procedures, plant or
equipment.
• Indications something is wrong:
– workers report problems, increased error or
decreased productivity.
• After an incident/injury.
Psychosocial / MSD link
• Physical health is interconnected to a person’s mental
health.
• Therefore, workplaces should also manage work-related
psychosocial hazards.
• For tools and resources refer to:
– People at Work: http://www.peopleatworkproject.com.au/
– WHSQ web site:
http://www.deir.qld.gov.au/workplace/hazards/bullying-fatigue-stressviolence/index.htm
Frequently asked questions
Practical session
Video case study.
Use the PErforM risk assessment tool to:
 Identify risk factors (worksheet 1)
 Assess the risk (worksheet 2).
Video practical
Video practical
Risk controls
Developing control ideas:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Link the control to the risk factor.
Consult with workers and others.
Look for different ways.
Look at similar tasks for ideas.
Find out what are others are doing.
Talk to suppliers.
Trial before implementation.
Focus controls on sources of risk:
• Change design or layout of work areas.
• Changing the nature, size, weight or
number of persons, animals and things
handled.
• Systems of work.
• Work environment.
Work area design / layout
Good design includes:
– suitable working heights
– adequate space
– frequently used items
in easy reach
– adjustable to suit all workers.
Changing the nature, size, weight or number
of persons, animals and things handled
Consider:
– load handling
– tools and equipment
– maintenance.
System of work
• Guidelines include:
–
–
–
–
–
control work load
suitable work pace
task variation
maintenance schedules
match task demands with workers’
capability
– training.
Work environment
•
•
•
•
•
•
Vibration exposure.
Cold conditions.
Heat and humidity.
Windy conditions.
Floors and surfaces.
Lighting.
Unloading shipping container
Before
After
Video practical
Video practical
Prioritising for action
High priority tasks:
• injuries have occurred
• serious consequences
• lots of complaints
• rated highly on risk assessment form
• performed by a lot of workers
• done a lot of the time.
Monitor and review
To ensure:
• controls are working effectively
• risk factors have been reduced
• another hazard or risk has not been created
• engineering certification for new designs.
PErforM Training - discussion
• What are some different ways you might
carry out PErforM training?
• Who might make up the PErforM team?
Program evaluation
• Measure nominated performance indicators.
• Positive indicators
– proactive measures.
• Lagging indicators
– compensation data
– lost time injuries.
Potential benefits for business
• Effective controls.
• A positive impact on:
– musculoskeletal symptoms
– reducing injuries and workers compensation claims
– a reduction in lost days from work or sickness
absence.
• Meets consultation requirements and improves
communication.
• Ownership of controls.
• Improved safety culture.
• Improved productivity.
Management leadership
• Management commitment to safety.
• Enforce procedures.
• Supportive and open to safety
suggestions.
• Safety communication.
• Active involvement in safety.
• Due diligence requirements.
Video - Steve Qld Chamber
of Commerce on
management commitment to
health and safety
Video - Adrienne Tracy,
Ergonomics consultant, about
what safety leaders did that
resulted in better outcomes during
a recent pilot program
Planning
• Management commitment.
• Appoint a PErforM champion.
• Develop implementation plan.
• Develop performance indicators.
Implementation plan
• Select a pilot work
team / pilot site.
• Identify hazardous
manual tasks.
• Identify PErforM
teams.
• Obtain video footage.
• Training.
PErforM implementation
• Work team conducts
risk assessments.
• Develop control
ideas.
• Process for
management to
consider controls.
• Controls
implemented.
• Ongoing process.
• Monitor and review.
Implementing controls cont.
• PErforM controls decision matrix.
• Injury cost calculator.
PErforM resources
• WHSQ workshops.
• Resource and trainers
manuals.
• PErforM handbook.
• Web based resources and
information from Workplace
Health and Safety
Queensland website.
• Tool Box presentations.
Discussion - Where to from here?
• Decide if your workplace would like to
use the PErforM program.
• Develop a plan of action.
Contact us
www.worksafe.qld.gov.au
1300 369 915