Clearing the Air on Cloud Computing
John Leslie King
W.W. Bishop Professor of Information
School of Information
Vice Provost for Academic Information
University of Michigan
jlking@umich.edu
The views presented here are those of the author and should not be ascribed to the University of Michigan.
The views presented here are those
of the author and should not be
ascribed to the University of Michigan.
jlking@umich.edu
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2008
Cloud
computing
http://techcrunch.com/2008/08/18/where-are-we-in-the-hype-cycle/
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2009
http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1124212
“Cloud Computing. As enterprises seek to consume their IT services in the most
cost-effective way, interest is growing in drawing a broad range of services (for
example, computational power, storage and business applications) from the
"cloud," rather than from on-premises equipment. The levels of hype around cloud
computing in the IT industry are deafening, with every vendor expounding its
cloud strategy and variations, such as private cloud computing and hybrid
approaches, compounding the hype.”
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“Cloud Computing refers to both the
applications delivered as services over
the Internet and the hardware and
systems software in the datacenters
that provide those services. The
services themselves have long been
referred to as Software as a Service
(SaaS). The datacenter hardware and
software is what we will call a Cloud.
When a Cloud is made available in a
pay-as-you-go manner to the general
public, we call it a Public Cloud; the
service being sold is Utility Computing.
We use the term Private Cloud to refer
to internal datacenters of a business or
other organization, not made available
to the general public. Thus, Cloud
Computing is the sum of SaaS and
Utility Computing, but does not include
Private Clouds.” (pg. 1)
http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2009/EECS-2009-28.pdf
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“Bubble memory is a type of
non-volatile computer memory
that uses a thin film of a
magnetic material to hold small
magnetized areas, known as
bubbles or domains, each of
which stores one bit of data.
Bubble memory started out as a
promising technology in the
1970s, but failed commercially
as hard disk prices fell rapidly in
the 1980s.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_memory
http://smithsonianchips.si.edu/texas/t_306.htm
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Licklider
On the Internet nobody
knows you’re a dog.
Cerf
The New Yorker, July 5, 1993
Kleinrock
Kahn
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Maxim 1
To understand change,
study the things that
don’t change.
(All change runs on the rails of the things that don’t change.)
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Key Questions
• What’s the “computer”?
• What’s the “network”?
• Can you use the network as a backplane?
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“The Network Is The Computer”
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As long as:
• Processor speeds are increasing, and
• Network speeds are increasing, and
• They don’t increase at the same pace
…
The question of whether you can use the
network as a backplane remains open.
(Cloud Computing is a rehash of this story.)
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Maxim 2
It all depends…
Details matter (duh).
(“God is in the details.” Gustav Flaubert and Mies van der Rohe)
(“The devil is in the details.” everyone else.)
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http://lonewolflibrarian.wordpress.com/2009/02/24/what-cloud-computing-really-means022409/
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http://soacloudcomputing.blogspot.com/2008/10/cloud-computing.html
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http://ivanov.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/cloudcomputinggraphic.jpg
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http://www.ladysign-apps.com/blog/category/other/geeky/
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http://myworld-divakar.blogspot.com/
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Some Details
• What are you hoping to get?
– Cost savings, better service, new ability…
• What, exactly, are you planning to try
cloud computing on?
– Storage, computational horsepower, etc.
• What mechanisms are necessary to
produce the outcome you hope for?
– Ask the experts…
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The Berkeley View
•
•
•
•
•
Mobile interactive applications...large data sets ... in large datacenters,
...[especially if they] combine two or more data sources or other
services, e.g., mashups.
Parallel batch processing. ...analyze terabytes of data and... take hours
to finish...[i]f there is enough data parallelism in the application...the
cost/benefit analysis must weigh the cost of moving large datasets into
the cloud against the benefit of potential speedup in the data analysis.
[A]nalytics...computing resources ...[for] understanding customers,
supply chains, buying habits, ranking, and so on -- decision support.
Extension of compute-intensive desktop applications. ...[s]ymbolic
mathematics...keep the data in the cloud and...sufficient bandwidth [for]
visualization and a responsive GUI back to the human user...[or
use]...image rendering or 3D animation...[with] a high computation-tobytes ratio.
[Non-] “Earthbound” applications....cost...[or] fundamental latency limits
of getting into and out of the cloud.
http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2009/EECS-2009-28.pdf page 7
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Notice anything?
• Those tasks tend to be “emergent” or at
least idiosyncratic.
• Routine applications of cloud computing
seem to be pretty rare thus far.
• Discussion is largely hypothetical -- not
a lot of empirical evidence or even
anecdotes from experience.
• Caveat emptor or caveat vendor?
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http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=116336
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Maxim 3
Fresh hells are usually
versions of established hells.
(You’ve learned more than you might realize thus far…)
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Established Hell #1: Contracting
• The outsourcing boom
– Make vs. buy -- harder than it looks
• Where do thing fall apart?
– Where they always fall apart -- shared
understanding (c.f., requirements).
– It’s about “good contracting;” that’s hard, too
• A dilemma:
– You have to be as expert as the provider if you
want to do good contracting
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Established Hell #2: Turbulence
• It's tough to make predictions, especially about
the future. Yogi Berra
• Path dependencies, incumbent advantage, and
switching costs: you need sensitivity analysis.
Steam Ships
Sailing Ships
100 years
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Established Hell #3: Security
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mobile device security
Encryption
Security Management
Internal Security
Identity & Access Mgmt
Perimeter Security
Storage Security
Physical Security
http://www.kilarjian.net/page5/page5.html
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The path to secure cloud
computing is surely a long
one, requiring the
participation of a broad set
of stakeholders on a global
basis.” (page 4)
>200 specific recommendations…
http://cloudsecurityalliance.org/csaguide.pdf
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Established Hell #4: Jurisdiction
Time Magazine, 3 July 1995
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c.f. Amateur Action bbs case, 1994 http://www.spectacle.org/795/amateur.html
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Where is the “Cloud?”
336 pages
250 pages
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Anticipatory Retardation
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/polar/images/emperor_nsf_lg.jpg
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