Peer Review and Interdisciplinary
Research
同行评议与跨学科研究
Dalian Workshop on
Peer Review, Research Integrity, and the Governance of Science
“同行评议，研究诚信与科学治理”大连研讨会
May 23, 2012
Robert Frodeman
罗伯特·弗洛德曼
Professor of Philosophy
Director, Center for the Study of Interdisciplinarity
University of North Texas
www.csid.unt.edu
哲学系教授
跨学科研究中心主任
北德克萨斯大学
Center for the Study of Interdisciplinarity
跨学科研究中心
University of North Texas
北德克萨斯大学
Center Research
中心研究内容
-theory of future of knowledge production, via case studies
-未来知识生产的理论——以案例研究的形式。
-dedisciplining philosophy and the humanities
-哲学与人文学科的去学科化
-redefining academic ‘rigor’ and ‘expertise’
-重新定义学术的“严格性”和“专业知识”
My argument:
我将论证：
1. The end of the age of disciplinarity
1.学科化的时代已经走到了尽头
2. ‘Peer’ has been a disciplinary concept
2.‘同行’是一个学科化的概念
3. ‘Peer’ is incoherent when applied to interdisciplinary
knowledge
3. 当‘同行’被用于跨学科的知识时，将会出现矛盾。
4. Consequences: goodbye Descartes; end of academic
capitalism
4. 后果：再见笛卡尔；学术资本主义的终结
1. Disciplinarity isn’t going away, just its status as the end of
knowledge.
1. 学科本身并不会终结，终结的是它的支配性以及作为知识目的的
地位。
Disciplinary knowledge was complete because
学科化的知识是完备的，是因为
-Knowledge was seen as inherently beneficial
-知识被看作为具有天生的有用性
-There was an automatic connection between knowledge
production and its use
-知识生产和它的应用之间的联系是自动实现的。
-With no clear connection to users, knowledge production
became an infinite project
-因为与使用者之间没有明确的联系，知识生产成为了一种无尽
的工程。
In the 21st Century
在二十一世纪
DKP will continue, but it will no longer be the end or goal of
knowledge production.
学科化的知识生产还将继续，但是将不再作为知识生产的目的或目标。
DKP cannot address the problems we face, which are
学科化的知识生产不能解决我们面临的问题，包括：
•
•
•
•
complex and integrative in nature
本性上是复杂的和综合的
exceed disciplinary frames
超出学科的框架
mixes facts/values, and
事实与价值的混合，以及
occur in real time
实时发生
2. The Idea of a ‘Peer’
2.‘同行’的概念
• The governance mechanism of the academy
学术界的监督机制
• Secured academic autonomy; kept non-experts at a
distance
确保学术的自主性；把非专家身份的人排除在外。
• A disciplinary concept, now breaking down
一个学科化的概念，不能打破。
3. Peer Review and Interdisciplinary Knowledge
3. 同行评议与跨学科知识
The problem:
问题：
•wicked problems require interdisciplinary (not merely multidisciplinary) approaches and multitudes of experts
一些棘手的问题需要跨学科（不仅仅是多学科）的方法和众多
的专家
•Impossible to find experts who can review the integrated nature
of the research
不可能找到能够评审具有综合性质的研究的专家
•Conclusion: the concept of (disciplinary) peer review becomes
incoherent
结论：（学科化的）同行评议概念已不合时宜
4. Consequences
4. 后果
Descartes, Modernity, Disciplinarity:
笛卡尔，现代性，学科性
•Simple notion of rigor (certainty), versus than a contextual
sense balancing epistemology with time, audience,
relevance, $$ （确定性的简单关注，时间、对象、相关性、
资金在认识论方面的语境意义）
• Academic Capitalism: cf. Rules; interdisciplinarity implies
limits to knowledge production
• 学术资本主义：规则；知识生产的跨学科意义