Updated September 2011

1.
“Top Down” Manufacturing
2.
“Bottom Up” Manufacturing
3. Smart Materials
4. Carbon Nanotubes
5. Current Nanotech Products Manufactured
Updated September 2011

How to
Manufacture
Nanotechnology
1. Top Down technique uses large machines to make the nanostructures from larger materials
• Example: Photolithography to make Computer
Processor Chips cc by Via Gallery
2. Bottom Up technique uses chemical and physical interactions to make nanostructures without guidance
• Example: Catalyst to make Carbon Nanotubes
Image by Azured
Updated September 2011

3. Smart Materials are manufactured goods that react to some outside forces. Crystals can expand and contract with electricity, metals can retain a shape memory, liquids can move with magnetic fields, and surface cracks can heal themselves.
Updated September 2011 cc by Thomas Shahan

Self-Healing Materials have micro- or nano-size capsules of chemicals in the structure. When a crack forms, it ruptures the capsules, releasing the chemicals to react and heal the material.
Products can now heal themselves
.
Updated September 2011
Image by HighPoint Learning

Ferro Fluids are liquids with nanoscale magnetic particles suspended. This makes the whole fluid react to a magnetic field but turn back into a liquid without it.
Opoterser

4. Nanotubes and buckyballs are nanoscale carbon structures that hold many useful properties for manufacturing and products. cc by Sauperad
Updated September 2011
Fullerene cc by Guillaume Paumier
Nanotube

• Are stronge r than steel
• Can be made to be very conductive
• Can be made to be nonconductive
• Are good heat conductors in one direction
• Are good heat insulators in the other direction
Updated September 2011

• Carbon nanotubes are put on glass to make it electrically conductive. The glass stays clear because the nanotubes are so small.
cc by Tobias G.
Updated September 2011

• SouthWest Nano Technologies
• NanoBioMagnetics, Inc.
• XetaComp™
• Access Optics
Norman
Edmond
Edmond
Broken Arrow
Updated September 2011

• SouthWest Nano Technologies- SWeNT
– World leader in single-wall carbon nanotubes batch manufacturing
– Norman, Oklahoma
– Sell for $750 per gram
– Makes several kilograms per day
Updated September 2011

• NanoBioMagnetics, Inc .
– Developing magnetic nanoparticles that can be injected into tumor cells
Image ©NanoBioMagnetics
– The nanoparticles are vibrated using electromagnets
– The nanoparticles release chemicals that kill the cancer
– Healthy cells are unharmed
Updated September 2011

• XetaComp™
– Makes SunVex sunscreen with nanosize titanium dioxide particles
– SunVex is clear and nongreasy
– TiO
2 particles are < 100nm
Images ©XetaComp
Updated September 2011

• Access Optics
– Makes mini optics for medical applications
– Sapphire lenses and coatings are hard as diamonds
– Nanocoatings make surgical devices more durable
Updated September 2011
Image ©Access Optics

This module is one of a series designed to introduce faculty and high school students to the basic concepts of nanotechnology. Each module includes a
PowerPoint presentation, discussion questions, and hands-on activities, when applicable.
The series was funded in part by:
The National Science Foundation
Grant DUE-0702976 and the
Oklahoma Nanotechnology Education Initiative
Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
National Science Foundation or the Oklahoma Nanotechnology Education Initiative.
Updated September 2011

Image Credits
Via Gallery (Photographer). VIA Nano Chip Image (perspective).jpg [Digital Image]. Taiwan. Flickr
(www.flickr.com)
Azured (Contributer). CNTBB structure.jpg [Electron Microscope Image]. Wikimedia Commons
(commons.wikimedia.org)
Shahan, Thomas (Photographer). Macro photograph of ferrofluid influenced by a magnet [Macro Photograph].
United States. Wikimedia Commons (commons.wikimedia.org)
Saperaud (Designer) Fullerene-C60.png [Digital Image], Germany, Wikimedia Commons
(commons.wikimedia.org)
Paumier, Guillaume (Designer) Carbon Nanotube.svg [Digital Image], France, Wikimedia Commons
(commons.wikimedia.org)
G., Tobias. (Photographer) OLED Device [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons (commons.wikimedia.org)
Updated September 2011

References
Kloppel, James E. New Recipe for self-healing plastic includes dash of food additive. Science News at Illinois .
Retrieved from http://news.illinois.edu/news/08/1015selfhealing.html
Oklahoma Nanotechnology Companies (2005). The Oklahoma Nanotechnology Initiative. Retrieved from http://www.oknano.com/oklahoma_companies.html
Wilson, Michael, Kanangara, Kamali, Smith, Geoff, Simmons, Michelle, & Raguse, Burkhard. Nanotechnology: Basic
Science and Emerging Technologies . (2004). [Kindle Edition] Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com
Updated September 2011