Justice Reinvestment in the United
Kingdom
30th September 2013
Kevin Wong
Deputy Director, Hallam Centre for
Community Justice
Things can only get better…
“…being efficient on crime, being
efficient on the causes of crime”
Fox, Albertson and Wong 2013
"A good society"
• “Delivering more for less”
• Curing social problems rather than “just treating them”
(David Cameron 2009)
Its about prisons…
Localism – locally determined delivery of CJS
•
Increased trust by the public in CJS more likely
•
Co-operation more likely between stakeholders at a local
level rather than at a national level – police, probation,
local authorities, health and Voluntary and Community
Sector (VCS) agencies
•
Allow holistic consideration of criminality – alternative
interventions inside and outside the CJS – localised
benefits and cost
Do Better, Do Less, the Commission on English Prisons Today (2009)
A data driven process
•
Justice mapping – analysis of the prison population and
spend in the communities where prisoners come from
•
Options for savings and increases in public safety
•
Implementation – quantification of savings and
reinvestment in high risk communities
•
Measurement of impact and evaluation
(UK Parliamentary Justice Committee 2009 based on approach of US
Council of States Government)
Models of JR
Justice Reinvestment as a continuum
‘Social Justice’ model
“…approaches which channel
resources on a geographicallytargeted basis to reduce crimes
which bring people into the
criminal justice system and into
prison” (UK Justice Committee
2010)
“Million dollar blocks” (Tucker and
Cadora 2003)
Fox, Albertson and Wong 2013
‘Criminal justice system
redesign’ model
Criminal justice system re-design
at: arrest, pre-trial, case
processing; sentencing, re-entry
(prison release) community
supervision
(La Vigne et al 2010)
Local Justice Reinvestment Pilot - Greater Manchester
model (Transforming Justice)
To reduce demand at key transition points in the
criminal justice system for youths and adults and divert
individuals to more cost effective options
Point of arrest – Restorative Justice, Conditional
cautioning
• Point of sentence – Intensive alternatives to custody
• Point of release – Resettlement projects (Choose
change)
• Transition between youth and adult CJS
•
Greater Manchester – Whole Place Community
Budget pilot principles
1.
Designing and implementing new delivery models
(rigorously evaluated)
2.
Track outcomes and financial benefits
3.
Negotiate investment from partners to scale up
interventions
4.
Decommissioning ineffective services and recycling
cashable savings through an investment agreement
Greater Manchester – Transforming Justice as part of the Community Budget pilot
(Report to the Greater Manchester Public Protection Commission
April 2012)
Who shot JR ?
Overtaken by events…
•
None of the MoJ and non-MoJ JR pilots have yet proven
themselves to be a success:
o
o
o
o
o
o
•
poor implementation;
limited incentive to do anything different;
theory of change didn’t make sense;
insufficient scale;
limited cashability;
no disinvestment
Payment by Results (PbR) commissioning and
marketization of CJS have become the policy vehicles
for efficiency and effectiveness
Local Justice Reinvestment - Cashable savings V Cost
Cashable/realisable ‘saving’ made through reducing by
one month a custodial sentence of under twelve months =
£360
Estimated average monthly cost of a custodial sentence
of under twelve months = £2,553*
(*Based on £30,637, the annual resource expenditure cost per prisoner
in a Category C prison -Ministry of Justice 2012)
JR as a change project?
Further information
k.wong@shu.ac.uk
+44 114 225 5975