Chapter 6 Section 3
Standards
10.3.2 Examine how scientific and
technological changes and new forms of
energy brought about massive social,
economic, and cultural change (e.g., the
inventions and discoveries of James
Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer,
Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison).
Objective

You should be able to understand how
the Industrial Revolution brought about
social and cultural changes
I. A New Social Order Arrives

A Three Social Classes Emerge
1.Upper class-of business owners/
noble families
2.Middle Class- business people and
professionals such as doctors
3.Lower middle class- office
workers/teachers
4. Lower Class- peasants/ workers
I. A New Social Order Arrives

B. Middle-Class Tastes and Values
1. Strong rules of social behavior
2. Children seen but not heard
I. A New Social Order Arrives
C. The Ideal Home
1. Cult of domesticity- idea of the idealized
home
2. Middle Class women were not expected to
work, just run the house.
3. Lower class women did have to work
II. Women Work for Rights
-Reformers faced many obstacles
A. Early Voices
1. Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and
Susan B. Anthony
2. Went from supporting abolition of slavery to
women's rights
II. Women Work for Rights
B. The Suffrage Struggle
1. Women’s suffrage movementwomen began fighting for the right to
vote
2. Sojourner Truth- African American
suffragist
3. Some claimed women were too
emotional to vote or needed to be
“protected” from politics
III. Growth of Public Education

A. Public Education Improves
1. Late 1800’s education became popular
2. Teachers began being trained at Normal
Schools
3. Education for girls was limited
4. Secondary education limited mainly to
middle class
III. Growth of Public Education

B. Higher Education Expands
1. Colleges and University Expand, teach
more subjects
2. Women established colleges e.g. Mount
Holyoke in the 1840’s
IV. Science Takes New Directions

A. Atomic Theory Develops
1. John Dalton showed each element has its
own kind of Atoms
B. Debating the Earth’s Age
1. Charles Lyell showed Earth had formed
over millions of years. (4.5 Billion Actually)
2. 1856 German workers uncover
Neanderthal bones
IV. Science Takes New Directions

C. Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
1. Charles Darwin in On the Origin of Species
argued all forms of life evolved into their
present state over millions of years.
2. Natural Selection- Darwin theory that the
harsh world conditions “select” those
creatures best adapted to survive. AKA
Survival of the fittest
IV. Science Takes New Directions

D. Social Darwinism and Racism
1. Social Darwinism- the belief that “survival
of the fittest” applies to human society. The
rich being more “fit” than the poor for
example
2. This belief promotes racism
V. Religion in an Urban Age
1. Religious forces continued to be
strong in industrial society
 2. Social Gospel- movement that urges
Christians to social service
