A Writing Framework
for the Secondary
Social Studies
Classroom
The PEA Strategy
Adapting the strategy to fit
student needs?
O Generative questions:
O How can I get students to write more?
O How can I get students to use more analysis
in their writing?
O How can I improve student organization?
O How can I improve the clarity of student
writing?
Guiding principles – students’
needs
O Students will need…
O to write with a purpose in mind.
O a defined process for writing.
O a framework for complete writing.
How do we get from
here to there?
Self-Regulated Strategy
Development (SRSD)
•
Explicit instruction of a strategy for a particular writing purpose
that breaks down a larger writing task into concrete,
manageable parts.
•
Use of mnemonics to support memory retention of the
strategy parts.
•
Field-tested within an RTI framework
• Whole group
• Small group and one-to-one
(Graham & Harris, 2003; Mason et al., 2011)
Research Support for SRSD
O Over 40 studies using the SRSD model of instruction have
been reported (elementary through high school)
O Significant findings in four main aspects of student
performance:
O Quality of writing
O Knowledge of writing
O Approach to writing
O Self-efficacy
O Meaningful and sustained improvements found with a
variety of students including students in content areas as
well as with students with learning and/or
emotional/behavior difficulties
(Graham & Perin, 2006)
Key Components of SRSD
Instruction
• Gradual Release of Responsibility Model
(GRRM)
•
•
•
•
•
Stage 1: Discuss it (mnemonic parts)
Stage 2: Model it (think-alouds; using examples of
exemplar work)
Stage 3: Memorize it (reviewing the mnemonic)
Stage 4: Support it (use scaffolding; critical and
longest stage)
Stage 5: Independent performance (goal: “covert”
self-instruction)
Graham and Harris (2003)
Result:
An Adaptation of SRSD
O The PEA strategy:
O Point
O Evidence
O Analysis
How did I embed the
Key Components of
SRSD into the
“PEA” Strategy Writing
Intervention?
Journals, Content, Writing
Let’s Try it…
O Using the highlighting strategy we are going
to practice “Points” practice
O PEA strategy in practice
Thank you!
O Contact Information:
O Chris Sielaff, Binghamton High School
O sielaffc@binghamtonschools.org
O Erin Washburn, Binghamton University
O washburn@binghamton.edu