Willmar L. Leiser, Henry Frederick W. Rattunde, Eva Weltzien, Ndiaga Cisse, Magagi Abdou, Abdoulaye Diallo, Abocar O. Touré, Barbara Hufnagel, Jurandir V. Magalhaes and Bettina I.G. Haussmann 27.08.2014 Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level PSP5 - 2014 Fertilizer Input West Africa • Highly weathered soils, low pH, low soil organic matter and high P fixation • most smallholder farmers fields show very low levels of plant available soil P (<6ppm Bray-1 P) • fields, which are cropped by women show generally even lower values (<3ppm Bray-1 P) Mueller et al. 2012; Nature;490;7419;254-257 27.08.2014 Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level PSP5 - 2014 2 High P (>20kg P) vs Year 2011-2012 60 Genotypes Low P (0kg P) Year 2006-2010 70 Genotypes Year 2010-2012 80 Genotypes 8 Genotypes 29 (48) useful field trials + pot experiment + extra field trials 27.08.2014 Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level PSP5 - 2014 3 ~ 10% delay in flowering 27.08.2014 ~ 30% plant height reduction Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level PSP5 - 2014 4 More than 50% yield reduction 27.08.2014 Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level PSP5 - 2014 5 • strong correlation between –P and +P grain yield performance • direct selection necessary, feasible and more efficient Leiser et al., 2012. Crop Science 27.08.2014 Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level PSP5 - 2014 6 8 7 R² = 0.04ns PBM (kg ha-1) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 80 Crown Root Angle (°) 8 R² = 0.01ns 7 Yield P-conc. P-uptake P-use • Landraces are important source germplasm • No single adaptation mechanism identified P BM (kg ha-1) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 30 40 50 60 Mycorrhiza Colonized Root Length (%) Leiser et al., 2014. Plant and Soil 27.08.2014 Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level PSP5 - 2014 7 GWAS for grain yield BLUPs of 187 WCA sorghum genotypes evaluated across 29 environments in three West African countries from 2006-2012. 220,934 SNPs derived from Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS). Leiser et al., 2014. BMC Plant Biology 27.08.2014 Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level PSP5 - 2014 8 Possible pleiotropic effect of SbMATE on Al-tolerance and P-efficiency Leiser et al., 2014. BMC Plant Biology 27.08.2014 Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level PSP5 - 2014 9 Gamuyao et al. 2012; Nature; 488;7412;535-539 • exploiting genomic synteny of rice and sorghum • homologous genes for PSTOL1 in sorghum identified Hufnagel et al., 2014, Plant Physiology 27.08.2014 Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level PSP5 - 2014 10 Brazil West Africa SNPs in PSTOL1 genes Sb03g006765_1912 Sb03g031690_2305 PSTOL1 involved in P-efficiency in sorghum through possibly similar mechanism as in rice Hufnagel et al., 2014, Plant Physiology 27.08.2014 Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level PSP5 - 2014 11 • Large impact of P on sorghum growth • General good adaptation of West African sorghum to low P soils • Direct selection in low P necessary and feasible • Landraces very valuable source germplasm • No single mechanism identified for P-efficiency • Al-tolerance and P-efficiency possibly controlled by same gene SbMATE pleiotropy • PSTOL1 homologs of rice involved in P-adaptation in sorghum; similar mechanism 27.08.2014 Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level PSP5 - 2014 12 CNRA- Bambey 27.08.2014 Breeding Sorghum for P-limited Soils in Western Africa: From Field to Gene Level PSP5 - 2014 13