Ensiling phases
Clostridia!
anaerob!
..but pH
sensitive!
E. coli
L. monocytogenes gram-positive
facultative anaerobic
IN SPOILED SILAGES!
Toxins!
Yeast
Aerobic
instability!
Moulds
Mycotoxins!
additives
Silage additives
Stimulants
inhibitors
substrate suppliers
Inoculant
Lactic acid
Bacteria
enzymes
cellulase
amylase
hemicellulases
proteases
pectinases
sugars
molasses
sucroses
glucoses
anaerobic
aerobic
propionic acid
sulfates
caproic acid
sorbic acid
ammonia
acetic acid
propionates
acids
formic
mineral
lactic
acetic
benzoic
acrylic
cytric
sorbic
others
Sulphur dioxyde
formaldehyde
Sodium bisph
Biomin® BioStabil
blend of different homofermentative and
heterofermentative bacteria for optimal
anaerobic and aerobic stability of silages
homofermentative
lactic acid
anaerobic stability
heterofermentative
acetic acid
aerobic stability
Bacteria
Homofermentative
heterofermentative
Lactobacillus acidophilus
L.Casei
L Coryniformis
L Planterum
L salivarius
Pediococcus acidilatictic
P damnosus
Enterococcus Faecium
e. Faecium
lactobacillus
L. Brevis
L. Buchnerii
L. cellobiosios
L fermentum
L viridescens
1. Selection of the best silage strains
for the product


Isolation and characterization
of bacteria out of silages

Evaluation and selection of most effective strains

Safety
Production of lactic acid (high amount / very fast)
Production of acetic acid
Ratio lactic/acetic acid (differentiation homo- and
heterofermentative)
Good growth in a broad pH range
Good efficacy in a broad range of forages and grains
Risk assessment
Antibiotic
resistance
Stability
Fermentation performance
activity
Highest product quality
Risk
status
analysis
Virulence


„GRAS“
strain identity
1. Evaluation and strain selection
 Range of metabolic end products
 Production of lactic acid (high amount / very fast)
 Production of acetic acid
 Ratio lactic/acetic acid
 (differentiation homo- and heterofermentative)
 Good growth in a broad pH range
 Good efficacy in a broad range of forages and grains
®
Biomin
BioStabil
• for different substrates
Multistrain
• for different energy sources
• more stable
Selected strains:
Criteria for selection
High production of lactic acid (LA)
High production of acetic acid (AA)
Optimal ratio between LA and AA
Appropriate for the registration
(GRAS status)
®
Biomin
BioStabil
Enterococcus faecium
Lactobacillus plantarum
Lactobacillus brevis
Energy losses
Cause
Evaluation
Losses (%)
Respiration
Unavoidable
1- 2
Fermentation
Unavoidable
4- 10
Fluids
Depending on
technique
0- 7
Field losses
Depending on
technique
1- 5
Inadequate fermentation
Avoidable
0- 10
Anaerobic changes (storage)
Avoidable
0- 10
Aerobic changes (feed out)
Avoidable
0- 40
Total losses
6- 84
Forage production
Naturally ahead
DM LOSSES
moisture%
filling
seepage
gas
Top-spoil Feedout
Based on Forages: The Science of Grassland Agriculture, 4th ed. See
Bickert et al (1997
Total
Silage
Average Dairy Farm: 500 cows + young stock.
Corn silage :
Hay
:
8300 t ( 2900 t DM) @ R500/ton
700 t ( 570 t DM) @ R700/ton
Total costs/value:
(8300 ton*R500/t)+(700 ton*R700/t)=4,6 mln R
Dry matter losses
Losses are; Best case: 17 %
4,6 mln R *17% = 782.000 R
or
Worst case: 30%
4,6mln R* 30% = 1,38 mln R
Energy losses
Evaluation
Losses (%)
Respiration
Unavoidable
1- 2
Fermentation
Unavoidable
4- 10
Fluids
Depending on
technique
0- 7
Field losses
Depending on
technique
1- 5
Inadequate fermentation
Avoidable
0- 10
Anaerobic changes (storage)
Avoidable
0- 10
Aerobic changes (feed out)
Avoidable
0- 40
Cause
Total losses
6- 84
BioStabil effect on Energy and DM
Values that can be expected provided good
management practises:
BioStabil
Plus
BioStabil
Mays
Expected Dry Matter
recovery (%)
1,80%
2%
Expected Energy
recovery
(NEL/kg DM)
0,23 MJ
(0,055 Mcal)
0,18 MJ
(0,043 Mcal)
1 Mcal = 4,184 MJ
Energy (NEL, Mcal)/kg milk: 0,72511
Energy losses
Corn silage 2900 t DM= 18.4 mMj recovery
Max Losses 30% = 5520000 MJ
Min Losses
5 %T
= extra
920000
MJ corn!
OR 540
dry
economics
Cornsilage 2900 t DM:
Energy recovery: 0,18 Mj/kg dm
Without taking the protein quality in
1500000 kg*0,18 Mj= 270.000 Mj.
consideration
Corn= 8,5 Mj = 61 t Corn=150.000 R
Questions?
Onno.breitsma@biomin.net