Ensiling phases Clostridia! anaerob! ..but pH sensitive! E. coli L. monocytogenes gram-positive facultative anaerobic IN SPOILED SILAGES! Toxins! Yeast Aerobic instability! Moulds Mycotoxins! additives Silage additives Stimulants inhibitors substrate suppliers Inoculant Lactic acid Bacteria enzymes cellulase amylase hemicellulases proteases pectinases sugars molasses sucroses glucoses anaerobic aerobic propionic acid sulfates caproic acid sorbic acid ammonia acetic acid propionates acids formic mineral lactic acetic benzoic acrylic cytric sorbic others Sulphur dioxyde formaldehyde Sodium bisph Biomin® BioStabil blend of different homofermentative and heterofermentative bacteria for optimal anaerobic and aerobic stability of silages homofermentative lactic acid anaerobic stability heterofermentative acetic acid aerobic stability Bacteria Homofermentative heterofermentative Lactobacillus acidophilus L.Casei L Coryniformis L Planterum L salivarius Pediococcus acidilatictic P damnosus Enterococcus Faecium e. Faecium lactobacillus L. Brevis L. Buchnerii L. cellobiosios L fermentum L viridescens 1. Selection of the best silage strains for the product Isolation and characterization of bacteria out of silages Evaluation and selection of most effective strains Safety Production of lactic acid (high amount / very fast) Production of acetic acid Ratio lactic/acetic acid (differentiation homo- and heterofermentative) Good growth in a broad pH range Good efficacy in a broad range of forages and grains Risk assessment Antibiotic resistance Stability Fermentation performance activity Highest product quality Risk status analysis Virulence „GRAS“ strain identity 1. Evaluation and strain selection Range of metabolic end products Production of lactic acid (high amount / very fast) Production of acetic acid Ratio lactic/acetic acid (differentiation homo- and heterofermentative) Good growth in a broad pH range Good efficacy in a broad range of forages and grains ® Biomin BioStabil • for different substrates Multistrain • for different energy sources • more stable Selected strains: Criteria for selection High production of lactic acid (LA) High production of acetic acid (AA) Optimal ratio between LA and AA Appropriate for the registration (GRAS status) ® Biomin BioStabil Enterococcus faecium Lactobacillus plantarum Lactobacillus brevis Energy losses Cause Evaluation Losses (%) Respiration Unavoidable 1- 2 Fermentation Unavoidable 4- 10 Fluids Depending on technique 0- 7 Field losses Depending on technique 1- 5 Inadequate fermentation Avoidable 0- 10 Anaerobic changes (storage) Avoidable 0- 10 Aerobic changes (feed out) Avoidable 0- 40 Total losses 6- 84 Forage production Naturally ahead DM LOSSES moisture% filling seepage gas Top-spoil Feedout Based on Forages: The Science of Grassland Agriculture, 4th ed. See Bickert et al (1997 Total Silage Average Dairy Farm: 500 cows + young stock. Corn silage : Hay : 8300 t ( 2900 t DM) @ R500/ton 700 t ( 570 t DM) @ R700/ton Total costs/value: (8300 ton*R500/t)+(700 ton*R700/t)=4,6 mln R Dry matter losses Losses are; Best case: 17 % 4,6 mln R *17% = 782.000 R or Worst case: 30% 4,6mln R* 30% = 1,38 mln R Energy losses Evaluation Losses (%) Respiration Unavoidable 1- 2 Fermentation Unavoidable 4- 10 Fluids Depending on technique 0- 7 Field losses Depending on technique 1- 5 Inadequate fermentation Avoidable 0- 10 Anaerobic changes (storage) Avoidable 0- 10 Aerobic changes (feed out) Avoidable 0- 40 Cause Total losses 6- 84 BioStabil effect on Energy and DM Values that can be expected provided good management practises: BioStabil Plus BioStabil Mays Expected Dry Matter recovery (%) 1,80% 2% Expected Energy recovery (NEL/kg DM) 0,23 MJ (0,055 Mcal) 0,18 MJ (0,043 Mcal) 1 Mcal = 4,184 MJ Energy (NEL, Mcal)/kg milk: 0,72511 Energy losses Corn silage 2900 t DM= 18.4 mMj recovery Max Losses 30% = 5520000 MJ Min Losses 5 %T = extra 920000 MJ corn! OR 540 dry economics Cornsilage 2900 t DM: Energy recovery: 0,18 Mj/kg dm Without taking the protein quality in 1500000 kg*0,18 Mj= 270.000 Mj. consideration Corn= 8,5 Mj = 61 t Corn=150.000 R Questions? Onno.breitsma@biomin.net