Reform Movements
Religious Influence on
Social Movements
en.wikipedia.org
• Second Great
Awakening
1. Brought more
denominations
2. Intensify the
lines between
classes & regions
3. Spawned many
of the
humanitarian
reform
movements
http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/exhibits/1857/before/lee.htm
Today’s Warm-Up: Four-Tab Foldable
Needed
today:
spiral,
writing
utensil,
red pen
and
scissors!
1. Fold paper hotdog style.
2. Fold paper Hamburger style two times.
3. Unfold and re-fold as shown in the
diagram.
4. Cut each of the upper folds as shown.
5. Label each flap and place corresponding
information inside the flap as directed in the
assignment.
6. Cut here to create four separate tabs,
two on each side.
Abolition Movement
Leaders:
1. Quakers
2. William Lloyd
Garrison
3. Frederick Douglass
4. Harriet Tubman
5. Harriet Beecher
Stowe
6. Republican Party
7. Angelina & Sarah
Grimke
8. Lucretia Mott
Truth & Lincoln
9. Sojourner Truth
ils.unc.edu
ed101.bu.edu
Harriet Tubman
Abolition Movement cont.
• Problem: North & South
disagreed on the issue of
slavery
• Solution(s)/Contributions:
1. Movement to abolish
slavery in the U.S. began
in the late 1700s
2. Quakers established as
the first anti-slavery
society in the U.S.
3. Garrison published The
Liberator.
4. Douglass published The
North Star, leading
African American, great
orator
msu.edu
William Lloyd Garrison
lawrence.edu
Abolition Movement cont.
• Solutions continued:
5. Stowe wrote Uncle
Tom’s Cabin, moved U.S.
towards the end of
slavery.
6. Tubman led thousands
of slaves to escape to
Northern states and
Canada using the
Underground Railroad.
7. Truth spoke about the
abolition of slavery prior
to the Civil War.
etc.usf.edu
Labor
Women fought for worker’s
rights & was able to get a
10 hour day.
stace092003.edu.glogster.com
• Leaders: Labor Unions
• Problems: Children were
hurt or killed in factories
by machines. Immigrants
and women were often
not paid for their work.
• Solution: Labor unions
attempted to improve the
working conditions and
wages of employees.
Child labor was a main
concern of this
movement.
Public Education
• Leaders: Horace Mann, Emma
Willard, & Mary Lyon
• Problems: Women, children, and
poor people were often not given
the opportunity to receive an
education. They were often forced
to perform unskilled labor.
• Solution(s)/Contributions:
1. Tax-supported public schools
(primarily in the North), institutions
of higher learning began
2. Mann believed education was
society’s “great equalizer”, from
Massachusetts—better pay &
curriculum, longer school year
3. Emma Willard founded first
women’s college (Troy Female
Seminary)
Horace Mann
http://www.msp.umb.edu/primary
materials/afam/mann.jpg
http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/images
/ewillard.gif
www.geog.nau.edu/.../text/chapters/ch9.html
Religious
• Leaders: Mormons,
Brigham Young,
Joseph Smith
• Problems: Angry
mobs would burn
their crops, destroy
their homes and
threatened to kill
everyone in the
community
• Solution: Mormons
moved together to
Salt Lake City, Utah to
practice their religion
freely, largest single
migration to the west
Brigham Young
http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/42
00/4273/young_3_md.gif
Temperance
http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/
photos/assets/photos/1144.jpg
• Leaders: Religious leaders
such as Lyman Beecher,
women
• Problem: Religious leaders
and women argued that
alcohol destroyed families,
led to violence and crime,
kept people in poverty, and
ruined productivity
• Solution: This movement
gained some support for
controlling the sale of
alcohol at the state level.
Some states passed laws
that made it illegal to sell
alcohol.
Treatment of Jailed, Mentally Ill, &
Disabled
http://www.lib.niu.edu/1995/ii9506263.jpg
•
•
•
1.
2.
Dorothea Dix
3.
4.
5.
Leaders: Dorothea Dix, Elizabeth
Blackwell, Samuel Gridley How, &
Thomas Gallaudet
Problem: Mentally ill, disabled,
and jailed people were treated
like criminals and discarded by
society.
Solution(s)/Contributions:
Dix started mental hospitals.
Blackwell was the first female
doctor.
Gallaudet founded the American
School for the Deaf.
Pushed for separate jails for
women, men & children.
Called for the mission of prisons
was to rehabilitate.
Women’s Rights
Lucretia
Mott
Elizabeth Cady
Stanton: leader
Susan B. Anthony:
spokeperson
http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~ulric
h/RHE309/vicfembios/images/ec
stanton80yrnmore.gif
• Leaders: Elizabeth Cady
Stanton, Susan B. Anthony,
Sojourner Truth, & Lucretia
Mott
• Problem: Conservatives did
not support women’s
suffrage because they
believed it would break up
the family and be a downfall
to womanhood.
• The women organized the
1st convention of the
women’s movement in
Seneca Falls. Approved the
“Declaration of Sentiments”.
Women gained some rights
(education), did not have
legal equality
http://jpetrie.myweb.uga.edu/thoreau.gif
http://students.nebrwesleyan.edu/
students/kclark/tpac/dickinson.jpg
http://hoodmuseum.dartmouth.edu/i
mages/collections/D200352big.jpg
Henry David Thoreau
Emily Dickinson
Painting by Audubon