Chapter 15 Review
Earth’s Oceans
Measuring
Ocean
Depth
Sonar
Time lapse
Depth of
Ocean
A
6 seconds
___
B
4.5 seconds
3375 m
C
2 seconds
___
D
___
3750 m
Organize the
following points from
shallowest to deepest.
(Hint: Sound travels through water at 1500 m/s)
1.
2.
3.
4.
A, B, D, C
C, A, B, D
D, B, A, C
C, D, B, A
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Measuring
Ocean
Depth
Sonar
Time lapse
Depth of
Ocean
A
6 seconds
___
B
4.5 seconds
3375 m
C
2 seconds
___
D
___
3750 m
What is the
depth of the
ocean at points
A and C?
(Hint: Sound travels through water at
1500 m/s)
1.
2.
3.
4.
4500 m and 1500 m
9000 m and 3000 m
6000 m and 2000 m
3000 m and 1000 m
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Measuring
Ocean
Depth
Sonar
Time lapse
Depth of
Ocean
A
6 seconds
___
B
4.5 seconds
3375 m
C
2 seconds
___
D
___
3750 m
If the ocean is 3750
feet deep at point D,
how long was the
time lapse?
(Hint: Sound travels through water at
1500 m/s)
1.
2.
3.
4.
4 seconds
1.25 seconds
5 seconds
10 seconds
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Which ocean location would have the
lowest amount of salinity?
1. equatorial regions
2. subtropical ocean
regions
3. polar regions
4. estuaries
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Which ocean location would have the
highest amount of salinity?
1. equatorial regions
2. subtropical ocean
regions
3. polar regions
4. estuaries
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Which part of
the wave moves
steadily
forward?
1.
2.
3.
4.
the crest
the trough
the water
the energy
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
The vertical
distance between
trough and crest is
1.7m. What is this
measuring?
1.
2.
3.
4.
the wavelength
the wave height
the wave base
the wave direction
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
If the wavelength
of this wave is
4.2m, at what
depth does water
movement stop?
1.
2.
3.
4.
8.4m
4.2m
2.1m
0.7m
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Which of the following is NOT
a factor in wave height?
1.
2.
3.
4.
fetch
wind direction
wind duration
wind speed
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
What tidal cycle
is graphed?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Semidiurnal
Mixed
Diurnal
Duodiurnal
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
At what point
during the day is
the tide at its
lowest?
1.
2.
3.
4.
6:00 am
10:00 am
1:00 pm
4:00 pm
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Analyze the
diagram. What
type of tides will
be created as a
result of this
alignment?
1.
2.
3.
4.
spring tides
new tides
fall tides
neap tides
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
During this alignment,
how will the tides be
affected?
1. High tides will be higher and
low tides will be lower.
2. High tides will be higher and
low tides will be higher.
3. High tides will be lower and low
tides will be lower.
4. High tides will be lower and low
tides will be higher.
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
As surface water moves away from the
California coast, what brings deep water
up to replace the surface water?
A.
B.
C.
D.
gyres
upwelling
surface currents
density currents
0%
A.
0%
0%
B.
C.
0%
D.
Which of the following was the first
expedition to use scientific measuring
devices to study the ocean?
1.
2.
3.
4.
SEASAT expedition
Meteor expedition
Poseidon expedition
Challenger expedition
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Which of the following correctly describes the
order of the steps involved in the formation of
sea ice?
1. ice crystals, pancake ice,
slush, pack ice
2. slush, ice crystals, pancake
ice, pack ice
3. ice crystals, slush, pack ice,
pancake ice
4. ice crystals, slush, pancake
ice, pack ice
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
After volcanism created Earth's
atmosphere, what happened next to
lead to the formation of oceans?
1. Earth’s crust cooled.
2. Ice caps melted.
3. Meteorite strikes
stopped.
4. Carbon dioxide and
other gases formed in
the crust.
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Which of the following is NOT true of
global sea level?
1. Global sea level can rise in
response to the melting of
glaciers.
2. Tectonic forces cannot
affect global sea level.
3. Average global sea level is
rising today by 1 to 2 mm
per year.
4. During an ice age, global
sea levels drop.
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Which of the following affects
the density of seawater?
1. salinity
2. melting point
3. hydrogen
bonds
4. breakers
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
What is the average surface
temperature of the ocean?
1.
2.
3.
4.
-2°C
2°C
30°C
15°C
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
located off the east coast of the
United States
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Southern Ocean
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
covers 81 percent of the surface
in the southern hemisphere
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Southern
Ocean
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
larger than all of Earth’s
landmasses combined
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Southern
Ocean
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
the third-largest ocean
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Southern
Ocean
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
contains roughly half of
Earth’s seawater
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Southern
Ocean
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
north of the Arctic Circle is often
known as the Arctic Ocean
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Southern
Ocean
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Vertical movement of nutrient-rich ocean
water
1. wave height
2. tidal range
3. gravitation
4. breakers
5. neap tide
6. density currents
7. gyres
8. upwelling
9. wavelength
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Occurs during a first-quarter and thirdquarter moon
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
wave height
tidal range
gravitation
breakers
neap tide
density currents
gyres
upwelling
wavelength
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
The vertical distance between a wave's
crest and trough
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
wave height
tidal range
gravitation
breakers
neap tide
density currents
gyres
upwelling
wavelength
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Closed, circular current systems
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
wave height
tidal range
gravitation
breakers
neap tide
density currents
gyres
upwelling
wavelength
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Determines the speed with which waves
move through deep water
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
wave height
tidal range
gravitation
breakers
neap tide
density currents
gyres
upwelling
wavelength
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
The difference between the levels of
high and low tide
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
wave height
tidal range
gravitation
breakers
neap tide
density currents
gyres
upwelling
wavelength
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Collapsing waves
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
wave height
tidal range
gravitation
breakers
neap tide
density currents
gyres
upwelling
wavelength
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Move slowly in deep ocean waters
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
wave height
tidal range
gravitation
breakers
neap tide
density currents
gyres
upwelling
wavelength
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Basic cause of tides
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
wave height
tidal range
gravitation
breakers
neap tide
density currents
gyres
upwelling
wavelength
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Measure of the amount of dissolved salts in
seawater
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
oceanography
side-scan sonar
sea level
breaker
temperature profile
thermocline
salinity
crest
trough
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Periodic rise and fall of sea level
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
oceanography
side-scan sonar
sea level
salinity
temperature profile
thermocline
wave
tide
trough
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Technique that directs sound waves toward
the ocean floor at an angle to map its
topographic features
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
oceanography
breaker
sea level
salinity
temperature profile
thermocline
side-scan sonar
crest
trough
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Current caused by wind
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
oceanography
side-scan sonar
sea level
salinity
temperature profile
surface current
wave
crest
trough
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Set of data that plots changing water
temperature with depth
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
oceanography
side-scan sonar
sea level
salinity
breaker
temperature profile
wave
crest
trough
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Lowest point of a wave
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
oceanography
side-scan sonar
sea level
salinity
temperature profile
thermocline
wave
crest
trough
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Current caused by differences in the temperature
and salinity of ocean water
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
oceanography
side-scan sonar
sea level
density current
temperature profile
thermocline
wave
crest
trough
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Highest point of a wave
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
oceanography
side-scan sonar
sea level
salinity
temperature profile
thermocline
wave
breaker
crest
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Scientific study of Earth’s oceans
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
breaker
side-scan sonar
oceanography
salinity
temperature profile
thermocline
wave
crest
trough
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Level of the ocean’s surface
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
oceanography
side-scan sonar
sea level
salinity
temperature profile
thermocline
wave
crest
trough
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Upward motion of ocean water
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
oceanography
side-scan sonar
sea level
salinity
upwelling
thermocline
wave
crest
trough
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Rhythmic movement that carries
energy through matter
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
oceanography
side-scan sonar
sea level
salinity
temperature profile
wave
breaker
crest
trough
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Transitional layer of the ocean characterized by
rapidly decreasing temperatures with depth
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
oceanography
side-scan sonar
sea level
salinity
thermocline
breaker
wave
crest
trough
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Sidescan sonar is used to map
the ocean floor.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
Scientists believe that comet
strikes may have been one source
of the water in Earth's oceans.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
Roughly half of all Earth's
seawater is contained in the
Atlantic Ocean.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
Melting sea ice lowers the
salinity of seawater in polar
regions.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
Both the thermocline and the
surface layer are absent in low
latitudes.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
The bottom layer of ocean
water is formed in polar seas.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
Breakers are formed by the
action of friction between the
wave and the ocean bottom.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
The depth to which a wave
disturbs the water is called the
wave height.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
The greatest tidal ranges occur
in the Gulf of Mexico.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
The mechanism by which water
deep within Earth’s interior is
brought to the surface is
volcanism.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
The oceans contain 97 percent
of Earth’s water, and saltwater
sources contain 3 percent.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
Today, the thickening of
glaciers is causing a slow rise in
the average global sea level.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
Dissolved salts, gases, and
nutrients are present in
seawater in the form of ions.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
As marine organisms die, their
solid parts drift to the bottom
of the ocean, causing salts to be
added to seawater.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
The freezing point of salt water
is somewhat higher than that of
freshwater.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
Oceans are dark below the
depth of about 100 m.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
The surface layer and the
bottom layer are absent in
polar seas.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
The coldest and densest water
mass in all the oceans is
Antarctic Bottom Water.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
Earth’s tidal bulges are always
aligned with the Sun.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
Closed, circular surface
current systems are called
density currents.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
Upwelling waters bring
nutrients to the ocean’s surface.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2