Notes 09/16
Class 03: Latin America
GEO105: World Regional Geography
Michael T. Wheeler
Syracuse University, Geography
Lecture slide 2
Global Tectonics
2
Lecture slide 3
Subduction
Oceanic
Crust
Continental Crust
Lithosphere
3
Lecture slide 4
Caribbean Tectonics
Oceanic
Crust
Continental Crust
Lithosphere
4
Lecture slide 5
Range of Central American Volcanoes
Oceanic
Crust
Continental Crust
Lithosphere
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Lecture slide 6
Seismic Danger
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Lecture slide 7
Landforms of Latin America
Figure 8.3: Physical regions and
landforms of Latin America
(p. 346)
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Lecture slide 8
Climate regions
Figure 8.7: Climate regions of Latin America (p. 352)
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Lecture slide 9
Atmospheric Circulation
Figure 2.8: Atmospheric
Circulation (p. 41)
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Lecture slide 10
Atmospheric Circulation – Central America
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Lecture slide 11
Orographic Rainfall
Figure 2.9: Orographic rainfall on a trade wind coast (p. 42)
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Lecture slide 12
Altitudinal Zonation
Figure 8.8: Altitudinal zonation (p. 353)
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Lecture slide 13
Pre-Columbia Civilizations
Figure 8.13: Maya, Aztec, and
Inca adaptations to
environment (p. 358)
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Lecture slide 14
Languages
Figure 8.20: Languages of Latin
America (p. 373)
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Lecture slide 15
Voyages of Discovery (Conquest)
Figure 8.14: Colonial voyages and the Treaty of Tordesillas (p. 359)
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Lecture slide 16
Spanish World Empire
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Lecture slide 17
Spanish Trade Routes
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Lecture slide 18
Colonial Pacific Trade Routes
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Lecture slide 19
Caribbean Trade Routes
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Lecture slide 20
Colonial Shipping
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Lecture slide 21
Iberian Imperial Structure
8.1: Latin America
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Lecture slide 22
Imperial Differences
• English (United States)
–
–
–
–
Common law (jury)
Protestant
Agricultural
No inter-marriage w/ Native Americans
• French (Canada)
–
–
–
–
Roman law
Catholic
Interior trade. Settlement only: coasts, St. Lawrence, Louisiana, Illinois
Generally tolerant view of First Nations
• Spanish (Latin America)
–
–
–
–
Catholic
Army / Church / Merchants
Convert the Indians to Christianity
Lots of inter-marriage
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Lecture slide 23
Break
8.18: Population Distribution of
Latin America 1995
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Lecture slide 24
Review Questions
• Mapping Exercise 2: Mapping Ecosystems
– Textbook maps (8.1 (343), 8.3 (346), 8.7 (352))
• 393: U4
“How did the Spanish organize their colonies? What were the
two main forms of agriculture? What role did encomienda,
repartimiento, and slavery play? What exports to Spain?”
• 393: G2
“During the colonial era, how did racial, ethnic and class
distinctions divide Latin American societies?”
• Mapping Exercise 1: Mapping Ethnic and Racial
Composition
– Textbook, map 8.1 (343), table 8.1 (370)
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Lecture slide 25
Ethnic and Racial Composition
•
p. 370
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Lecture slide 26
Mapping Exercise 1
Map 8.3, p. 58
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Lecture slide 27
Slave Triangle
Figure 6.14: The slave trade (p. 249)
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Lecture slide 28
Slave Flow, by Century
Figure 6.14: The slave trade (p. 249)
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Lecture slide 29
African Diaspora
•
•
estimated slave imports
– during whole period of
Atlantic slave trade
– Thousands (000s)
scale
– 1:75 000 000
estimated % of
population
entirely or
partially of
African
descent
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Lecture slide 30
African Diaspora, Caribbean
•
estimated slave imports
– during whole period of
Atlantic slave trade
– thousands
estimated % of
population
entirely or
partially of
African
descent
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Lecture slide 31
U.S. South – ‘Jim Crow’ Laws
• Legalized Segregation
• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
– “separate but equal”
– Homer Plessy 1/8 black
– Sitting in ‘White’ RR Car
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Lecture slide 32
Latin America castas
• Euro-American
– peninsulares (Iberian)
– criollos (whites born in the Americas)
• mestizo: white (European) and American Indian
– Originally applied to Phillipines, Malays
• mulatto: (Spanish / African)
• zambo: (African / Indian)
• Example of Brazil
– Slaves finally freed in 1888 (the Lei Áurea)
– “Racial democracy”
– Racial correlation of favelas (p. 384) with African
descendents
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Lecture slide 33
New Colonial Powers: U.K. and U.S.
• Rebellion from
Spain, 1820s
• U.S. : Monroe
Doctrine, 1823
• U.K.: de facto
economic
hegemon
• U.S. Worldview,
1900 (this map)
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Lecture slide 34
U.S. Interventions in Latin America
(Also see Figure 8.16: U.S. interventions in Latin America (p. 365)
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Lecture slide 35
Panama (p. 389)
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Lecture slide 36
Review
• Physical Hazards
– Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Hurricanes, El Niño (ENSO)
• Legacy of Colonialism
– Spanish / British / America
• Trade
– Export crops OR local consumption?
– Global or regional trade (WTO or NAFTA?)
• Race
– The “Red, White, and Black Continent”
– Economic consequences
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Lecture slide 37
Debt, Trade, and Migration
8.19: Major migration streams
in Latin America (p. 372)
• Developing country
debt
• Export goods
• Global trade
– hope and
disappointment
• Migration
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Lecture slide 38
Next Week
• Research Project
– Two-paragraph summary of your study area
• Reading
– Chapter 11: 492-537
• Review
– p. 535: Testing Your Understanding: 4, 5, 7, 10
– p. 536: Thinking Geographically: 1, 5
• Map Workbook:
– p. 84-5 (use map on pages 87). Mapping Exercise 1: "Geopolitical
Conflict," 1-5
• Web Page:
– classes.maxwell.syr.edu/geo105_f04/class_notes/
04-Review.htm
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