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A fragment is an INCOMPLETE THOUGHT that is punctuated as a sentence.
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Example:
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Jumped over the moon.
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The dog with yellow hair.
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The donkey on the wall.

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A run-on sentence is a sentence that is not punctuated correctly.
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Example:
- Thanksgiving is a wonderful time of the year it is a time to celebrate the Pilgrims and Indians first dinner.

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A comma splice occurs when YOU are trying to separate two or more independent clause by using a comma.
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Example:
- Thanksgiving is a wonderful time of the year, it is a time to celebrate the Pilgrims and Indians first dinner.

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You can correct run-ons and comma splices like this…
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By using a F.A.N.B.O.Y.S. and a comma
By using a semicolon ( ; ) REMEMBER, if you use a semicolon, make sure it is a complete, flowing thought; not a choppy thought.
A conjunctive adverb with a semi-colon
Example of a corrected run-on
-Thanksgiving is a wonderful time of the year; it is a time to celebrate the Pilgrim and Indian first dinner.
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Example of a corrected comma splice
Thanksgiving is a wonderful time of the year, and it is a time to celebrate the Pilgrims and Indians first dinner.

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A simple sentence contains one independent clause and NO subordinate clause.
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Example:
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Thanksgiving is a wonderful time of the year.
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A simple sentence is NOT..
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Thanksgiving is a wonderful time of the year that my family loves.

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A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses and NO subordinate clause.
Example:
- Thanksgiving is a wonderful time of the year, and it is a time to celebrate the Pilgrims and
Indians first dinner.
-This is NOT a compound sentence..
- During Thanksgiving, my family cooks and eats dinner with friends.

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You can punctuate compound sentences 3 ways:
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By using a F.A.N.B.O.Y. and a comma
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By using a semicolon ( ; )
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REMEMBER, if you use a semicolon, make sure it is a complete, flowing thought; not a choppy thought.
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Using a conjunctive adverb

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Remember, you can use a conjunctive adverb to separate a compound sentence.
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Hint- Conjunctive adverbs are normally transition words.
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Example:
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Uncle James plays in a rock band; however, they still play in their garage.

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It is suppose to rain today; in fact, it may rain all night
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It will rain today, and it will rain tomorrow.
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The weather man has forecasted it rain; it may flood. (correct)
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The weather man has forecasted it rain; it flooded in Memphis. (incorrect)

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A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one subordinate clause.
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Example
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Because of the rain, Mrs. Paige’s hair was frizzy all day.

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A complex sentence will have one of the following subordinate clauses:
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Noun clause- Whomever did not take notes on Friday will take notes on Monday.
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Adjective clause- I wore a shirt that has multiple colors.
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Adverb Clause- I will go walking after the storm.

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A compound-complex sentence contains two or more independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause.
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Example
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Because of the rain, Mrs. Paige’s hair was frizzy all day; therefore, she placed her hair into a ponytail.