Improving smoke control and protecting lives
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Improving smoke control and protecting lives Air Sealing Industrial, Commercial, Institutional and Multi-Family Buildings to Improve Smoke Control Improving smoke control and protecting lives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Who are Canam and Zerodraft? The dangers of smoke migration in high-rise buildings How do we diagnose the problems? How do we fix the problems? What materials are used? Success stories Improving smoke control and protecting lives 1. Who are Canam and Zerodraft? • • Canam Building Envelope Specialists • • • Consultants Trainers Contractors ZERODRAFT • Weatherization materials Improving smoke control and protecting lives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Who are Canam and Zerodraft? The dangers of smoke migration in high-rise buildings How do we diagnose the problems? How do we fix the problems? What materials are used? Success stories Improving smoke control and protecting lives 2. The dangers of smoke migration in high-rise buildings • • • • Most damage, deaths and injuries result from smoke In multiple-death fires in residential high-rise buildings many fatalities occur in the egress routes (stairways and corridors) Wind and stack effect exacerbate vertical smoke spread In cold weather lower-floor fires cause the most smoke spread to upper floors Improving smoke control and protecting lives 2. The dangers of smoke migration in high-rise buildings Representative Canadian Residential High-Rise Fires* 1981 Toronto Hotel – fire began on 2nd floor of 23-storey building, significant smoke spread to upper floors caused 6 fatalities 1992 Toronto Apartments – fire began on 9th floor of 25-storey building, smoke spread to all above floors within 10 minutes and to exit stairwells causing 1 fatality 1995 Toronto Apartments – fire began on 6th floor of 30-storey building, rapid smoke spread throughout building resulting in 6 fatalities *Fire Safety in High-Rise Apartment Buildings, Ken Richardson, Fire Technologies Inc., published by CMHC and OAA Improving smoke control and protecting lives 2. The dangers of smoke migration in high-rise buildings 1993 World Trade Center New York -- bombing on 3rd floor of underground parking spread to 84th floor in 12 minutes Improving smoke control and protecting lives 2. The dangers of smoke migration in high-rise buildings • Uncontrolled and uncontrollable air leakage in and out of a building caused by… Improving smoke control and protecting lives 2. The dangers of smoke migration in high-rise buildings • Stack effect can be strong enough to overcome exhaust fans in parking garages Improving smoke control and protecting lives 2. The dangers of smoke migration in high-rise buildings • Wind effect Improving smoke control and protecting lives 2. The dangers of smoke migration in high-rise buildings • Mechanical effect Improving smoke control and protecting lives 2. The dangers of smoke migration in high-rise buildings • • • Simply complying with the Fire Code does not always provide optimum fire safety Egress systems must provide sufficient evacuation time before smoke reaches lethal levels Control air leakage and you can limit smoke migration Improving smoke control and protecting lives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Who are Canam and Zerodraft? The dangers of smoke migration in high-rise buildings How do we diagnose the problems? How do we fix the problems? What materials are used? Success stories Improving smoke control and protecting lives 3. How do we diagnose the problems? • Building envelope assessment Improving smoke control and protecting lives 3. How do we diagnose the problems? • • Building envelope assessment Depressurization testing Improving smoke control and protecting lives 3. How do we diagnose the problems? • • • Building envelope assessment Depressurization testing Locating air leakage Improving smoke control and protecting lives 3. How do we diagnose the problems? • • • • Building envelope assessment Depressurization testing Locating air leakage Infrared thermography Improving smoke control and protecting lives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Who are Canam and Zerodraft? The dangers of smoke migration in high-rise buildings How do we diagnose the problems? How do we fix the problems? What materials are used? Success stories Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? • • • • Assess overall building leakage Identify exit/entry points Identify air pathways inside building Prepare plan to create air barrier continuity Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal pathways in this order: Seal top Seal bottom Seal vertical shafts Compartmentalize Seal outside walls and openings Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal top of building • Roof/wall intersections • Mechanical penthouse doors and walls • HVAC equipment • Other roof penetrations Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal top of building • Roof/wall intersections Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal top of building • Mechanical rooms Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal top of building • HVAC equipment Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal top of building • Other roof penetrations Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal bottom of building • Ground floor and everything below • Underground parking access and receiving doors • Air locks, penetrations between underground walls, holes around sprinkler hangers • Exhaust and air intake vents Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal bottom of building • Soffits and ground floor access doors • Pipe, duct, cable and other service penetrations into core of building • Sprinkler hanger penetrations, inspection hatches and other holes • Core wall to floor slab Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal bottom of building Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal bottom of building Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal bottom of building Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal bottom of building Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal bottom of building Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal vertical shafts • Stairwell fire doors • Fire hose cabinets • Plumbing, electrical, cable and other penetrations in service rooms • Elevator rooms, cable holes, door controller cable holes, bus bar openings Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal vertical shafts • Garbage chute perimeter and access hatches • Hallway pressurization grilled perimeters • Smoke shaft access doors • Elevator shaft smoke control grilles • Service shafts Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal vertical shafts Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal vertical shafts Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal vertical shafts Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal vertical shafts Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal vertical shafts Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Compartmentalize • Egress systems (stairwells and corridors) • Vented mechanical rooms • Garbage compactor room • Emergency generator room • High voltage rooms • Shipping docks • Elevator rooms • Workshops Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Compartmentalize Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Compartmentalize Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal outside walls and openings • Weatherstrip windows and doors, including balcony/patio doors, emergency exits and seal window trim • Exhaust fans and ducting • All service penetrations • Baseboard heaters • Electrical receptacles • Baseboards Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal outside walls and openings Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal outside walls and openings Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? Seal outside walls and openings Improving smoke control and protecting lives 4. How do we fix the problems? RECAP: Seal the pathways in this order Seal top Seal bottom Seal vertical shafts Compartmentalize Seal outside walls and openings Improving smoke control and protecting lives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Who are Canam and Zerodraft? The dangers of smoke migration in high-rise buildings How do we diagnose the problems? How do we fix the problems? What materials are used? Success stories Improving smoke control and protecting lives 5. What materials are used? • Air seal/fire stop systems ULC System Nos. SP196, SP229, SP230, SP341, SP758, and SP767 Improving smoke control and protecting lives 5. What materials are used? • 2-component polyurethane foam insulating air seal kits Flame spread ratings of 20, smoke spread ratings of 35 Improving smoke control and protecting lives 5. What materials are used? • 1-component polyurethane foam sealant Flame spread ratings of 20, smoke spread ratings of 35 Improving smoke control and protecting lives 5. What materials are used? • Door and window weatherstripping and seals ASTM/E283 Standard for Airtightness Performance Improving smoke control and protecting lives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Who are Canam and Zerodraft? The dangers of smoke migration in high-rise buildings How do we diagnose the problems? How do we fix the problems? What materials are used? Success stories Improving smoke control and protecting lives 6. Success stories Example – Forest Laneway Apartments Control smoke, odour and improve thermal comfort Compartmentalize: • Seal mechanical rooms • Fire stop service penetrations Decouple floors: • Seal fire cabinets, garbage chutes, air supply grilles • Weatherstrip fire, parking garage, doors Improving smoke control and protecting lives 6. Success stories Example – B.G. Schickendanz Homes Condominium Control air migration, smoke and exhaust fumes from underground parking garage Compartmentalize: • Seal 600 vertical penetrations Fire stop: • 3-hour fire rating • ULC FP229 and ULC FP230 approved installation of foam and mortar combination Improving smoke control and protecting lives Here’s what we’ve seen today: 1. Who are Canam and Zerodraft 2. The dangers of smoke migration in high-rise buildings 3. How do we diagnose the problems 4. How do we fix the problems 5. What materials are used 6. Success stories Improving smoke control and protecting lives Air Sealing Industrial, Commercial, Institutional and Multi-Family Buildings CAN improve Smoke Control and Save Lives
