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How ICT Can Assist Energy
Efficient Fleet Operations
-How Broadband Changes Quality of Weather Routing
Digital Ship Singapore 22-23, May, 2012
Ryo Kakuta
Technical Strategy Group, MTI (Monohakobi Technology Institute)
R&D company of NYK Line
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Outline
• Background
• Energy Efficient Fleet Operations
• Optimum Weather Routing
• Weather Routing and Monitoring
• Improvement of Weather Routing by Broadband
• Next Challenge
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Background
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Save bunker activities in shipping company
• According to increased cost of bunker, shipping companies have applied
operational and technical measures for fuel savings
– Slow steaming
– Weather routing
– Propeller cleaning
– Energy saving devices
Cost benefit and emission reduction by slow steaming
e.g. 8,000 TEU container
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Slow steaming
Ship speed
24 knot
20 knot
M/E fuel
consumption
225 ton/day
130 ton/day
M/E fuel cost
(@ 600 USD/MT)
134,800 USD/day
78,000 USD/day
CO2 emission
696 ton/day
403 ton/day
- 16 %
- 42 %
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Performance monitoring
- compare total fuel consumption
Comparison of total fuel consumption per voyage
Same ship size and same voyage
More than 30 % difference
7,000
Fuel Consumption [MT]
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
A -1
B-1
C-1
D-1
E-1
F-1
G-1
A-2
Vessel - Voyage
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B-2
C-2
D-2
F-2
G-2
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SEEMP - PDCA management for energy efficiency
•
SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan)
– MEPC 62 adopted revisions of MARPOL Annex VI introducing EEDI and SEEMP
•
Entry into force date: 1 January 2013
Operational measures
EEOI trend
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• weather routing
5
• hull and propeller maintenance
….
Plan
Do
Check
Act
EEOI [g/ton-mile]
• slow steaming
4
3
2
1
0
Continuous monitoring &
improvement
Voy. 1
Voy. 2
Voy. 3
Voy. 4
Voy. 5
Voy. 6
Voy. 7
Voy. 8
Voyage number
Importance of Energy Efficient Operation is increasing
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Energy Efficient Fleet Operations
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Fleet operation
• Best balance of safety, economy and environment
– No cargo and ship damage
– Keep schedule
– Maximize charter base (minimize cost)
– Minimize emissions
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Multi-objective optimization
Snapshot from NYK e-Missions’
NYK fleet: about 800 vessels now
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Management for energy efficient operation
- Needs all related parties participation
Plan – routing
Do - navigation
PDCA cycle for
improvement
Act – corrective action
Check – monitoring
To encourage all participants efforts for energy efficient operation by sharing
information, good communication and right scheme
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Challenge to Optimize Fleet Operation in NYK
Real-time Operation
Monitoring
Weather Routing
Broadband
Figure from “More Than Shipping 2013”
Concept to Realization!
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Introduction of Onboard Broadband on NYK Fleet
- Improve Infrastructure
Reducing CO2 emissions by introducing onboard broadband
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IBIS (Innovative Bunker and Idle-time Saving) PJ
- Effective Utilization of Broadband
Sharing Information including weather, sea forecasts, sea-current,
and ship-operation data between land and ships in real time.
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Optimum Weather Routing
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Optimum Weather Routing
• Role of weather routing
– (past) Avoiding severe weather
– (now) Optimum weather routing
Best balance of
• Safety
• Schedule keep
• Economy
• Environment
• Necessary technology for optimum
weather routing
– Ship performance model
• RPM – speed – fuel
consumption
– Ship motion and performance in
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severe weather
Way points
Routes and weather
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Optimum Weather Routing
-Necessity of Ship Performance Model
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“Courtesy of WNI”
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Weather Routing and Monitoring
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Integration of Weather Routing with Monitoring
Performance Monitoring（CHECK）
Weather Routing（PLAN）
• Actual voyage
• Voyage plan
+ actual weather
+ weather forecast
+ ship performance model
+ ship motion model
Feedback
+ ship performance data
+ ship motion data
Ship model and weather forecast inherently include errors.
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Feedback loop with monitoring can make this system work better.
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Example Implementation of Data Collection box Onboard
• Requirements
Flow meter
• Interface to onboard
equipment, such as engine D/L,
GPS, anemometer, flow meter
and etc.
• High reliability … 24 hrs, 365
days work without
maintenance
• Lower cost of implementation
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FUELNAVI
• Flexibility of customization
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Inmarsat-FBB
or VSAT
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FUELNAVI Schematic Diagram
Ship’s LAN
SIMS junction box
Motion
Sensor
serial
Box Computer
(MOXA)
-data storage
-data transfer
serial
GPS (speed, course)
Doppler log (speed)
NMEA
Gyro compass (heading) NMEA
Anemometer (rel. wind)
Bridge
FuelNavi
NMEA
(PLC: Mitsubishi
MELSEC-Q)
NMEA
serial / LAN
-Data processing
-Calculate statistics
serial /
LAN
E/C
Engine Data Logger
RPM
4-20 mA
F.O. flow meter
S.H.P
Master clock
pulse
4-20 mA
F.O. temperature
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Sea water temp.
E/R temp.
4-20 mA
4-20 mA
pulse
4-20 mA
GOT monitor
-Fuel consumption
monitor
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Data Center
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SIMS Overview
(Ship Information Management System)
Weather routing
service provider
SIMS auto logging data (per hour)
& SPAS electronic abstract
logbook data (per day)
SIMS Data Collection
System Onboard
SIMS Monitoring & Analysis
System at Shore
Inmarsat-F/FB
Communications via Technical Management
Feedback to captains
Operation Center
Singapore, ….
• GPS
• Doppler log
FuelNavi
• Anemometer
Report
• Gyro Compass
Viewer
Voyage Analysis Report
Break down analysis of fuel
consumption for each voyage
SIMS Viewer
VDR / ECDIS
Data Acquisition and
Processing
<Navigation Bridge>
• Main Engine
• Torque meter
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Motion sensor
Technical Analysis
(MTI)
<Engine Room>
• FO flow meter
-Trend monitoring of speed, M/E
RPM, fuel consumption and other
conditions per hour
Engine
Data Logger
- Comparing planned schedules
and actual schedules
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Integrating Optimum Weather Routing with SIMS
Feedback
Optimum Weather Routing
Post
Voyage
4.Evaluation
Weather Forecast
Feedback to Weather
Routing
Voyage
Planning
Operation
COmmunication
SIMS Data
FOC Safety Schedule
Plan A
Plan B
Plan C
Performance Model
Recommendation
82 rpm
78 rpm
82 rpm
SIMS Data
L
3.Monitoring
Route and RPM
Weather Routing
Communication
Vessel
Monitoring Gap between
Actual and plan
SIMS Data
Pre
Voyage
1.Model Improvement
After
Departure
2.Model Calibration
Speed
Noon Rpt.
RPM
Good Performance Model based
on actual and detail data
Speed
Before Model
SIMS Data
After Ajustment
During
Navigation
Noon Report
Real Data
RPM
Calibrate Model based on
Actual data
SIMS Data
SIMS Data
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Performance Model Correction(Pre-voyage)
Container Ship Sample
Zero error peak enhancement
shows accuracy improvement.
180
900
Report
800
New
New
140
Frequency
FOC [mt/24h]
160
Old
120
100
80
700
Old
600
500
σ(old) = 9.3[mt/24h]
σ(new) = 5.4[mt/24h]
400
60
300
40
200
20
100
0
0
0
20
40
60
RPM
80
100
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
Model – Actual [mt/24h]
Standard deviation reduces from 9.3[mt/24h] to 5.4[mt/24h].
Estimation accuracy improves about 40%.
“Courtesy of WNI”
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Improvement of Weather Routing by
Broadband
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Improvement of Weather Routing by Broadband
15 days forecast
1/12 resolution current
Voyage simulation
Voyage simulation
shore
onboard
Large data size transfer
Maritime broadband (FBB, VSAT)
Captain and engineer at shore
Full time connection
vessel
Actual RPM
Actual sea state
Recommend
RPM
Recommend speed
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Feedback to ship
performance model
Feedback actual
weather
Actual wind &
ship motion
speed
Revise schedule by realtime information
Calibration
model
Calibrated model
actual
rpm
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Rich Weather Content by Fleet Broadband
Narrowband
Broadband
Frequency
2 times/day
4 times/day
Forecast Range
10days
15days
Grid Size (Current)
1/2 degree
1/32 degree
Current (1/2 degree)
“Courtesy of WNI”
Hi-Resolution Current (1/32 degree)
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Real-time Performance Model Correction
Vessel Performance DB
Voyage
Records
Voyage Plan
Simulation Setting
based on the similar
voyage recodes
Error Monitoring
Underway
process
Error Minimization
Semi-auto
Calibration
Error from
Ab-Log analysis or
Past performance
● Reported FOC
● Simulated FOC(WNI)
About 5mt
underestimation
This process
can be applied for
BROB-difference
or M/E FOC.
Estimation of total
FOC is improved.
Error becomes small
● Reported FOC
● Simulated FOC(WNI)
All of data
within ±2.5mt
difference
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“Courtesy of WNI”
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Next Challenge
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Further Improvement
Weather Forecast
Ship Performance
Ship Motion
Uncertainties
Continuous effort is required
for reducing uncertainties in
weather routing
- Reducing gap between
estimate and actual
- Monitoring and feedback
Uncertainties
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Compare Estimated Ship Performance with Actual
Ship Performance Model
Actual Performance and Weather
Comparison
Weather Forecast
Estimate
Actual
Measuring actual wave height remains a challenge.
Wave Height Meter
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Compare Optimum Trim Estimation with Actual
Comparison
Optimum trim estimation
(reasoning by model test, simulation)
Trim trial with
performance monitoring
The relation of propulsive performance and trim are physically complex problem.
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Compare Estimated Ship Motion with Actual
[sec]
ship motion simulation
criteria
actual ship motion and acceleration
cargo securing & ship structural safety
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Expectation on Broadband
Feedback
Estimation
Weather Routing
Improvement
Monitoring
Ship performance, ship motion, draft and trim, wave height,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Enhancement of monitoring plays a key roll to improve weather routing.
Installation of broadband will accelerate the cycle of improvement.
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Concluding remarks
• NYK aims to optimize fleet operation by integrating weather
routing, monitoring and broadband
• Installation of broadband enables sending rich weather
content to vessels and real-time weather routing
• For reducing uncertainties in weather routing, the cycle of
estimation, monitoring and feedback is required
• Broadband will contribute to acceleration of the cycle
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