Clean Cities-Atlanta
Electric Vehicles Past, Present
and Future
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Don Francis
Executive Director
don@cleancitiesatlanta.net
History of Electric Vehicles in Georgia
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History of Electric Vehicles in Georgia
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Thomas Edison Electric Car
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1915 Detroit Electric
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Georgia Power Meter Reader – 1910
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Electric Vehicle Charging
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Facts About Electric Vehicles
Today's batteries can take EVs 250+ miles on a single charge.
Battery EVs are the most efficient vehicles in the world and use 3-4
times LESS energy than hydrogen fuel cell cars.
Enough excess generating capacity exists at night in the U.S. to
charge 180 million EVs without adding any new capacity.
EVs powered by the US electrical grid are cleaner than gasoline,
E85, biodiesel & fuel cells.
Half of EV owners surveyed use solar energy to power their houses
and cars.
Plug-in cars capable of 40 miles per day would meet the needs of
80% of the American driving public.
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Sierra Club's Go Electric Campaign
The future is here with electric vehicles!
Automobiles, above all else, represent America's
addiction to dirty oil. Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs),
which require no gasoline and emit no pollution from
their tailpipes, present a critical opportunity to slash
pollution, reduce dependence on oil, create American
jobs, and improve national security.
President Obama has set a goal of one million PEVs on
U.S. roads by 2015, which would reduce carbon dioxide
emissions by about 2.4 million tons a year.
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Get Ready – Here They Come
Ford Focus 2011
Chevrolet Volt 2010
Tesla Roadster 2008
Transit Connect 2011
Plug-In Hybrid School Bus
Nissan Leaf 2010
PHEV Utility Truck
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Smith Electric 2010
Navistar E-Star 2010
Electric Vehicles Are Coming
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Hybrid vs PEV Sales Forecast
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EV Acronyms
• HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle
• EVSE – Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment
(or Charging Station)
• PEV – Plug-In Electric Vehicle
EV – Electric Vehicle
PHEV – Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle
EREV – Extended Range Electric Vehicle
BEV – Battery Electric Vehicle
GEV – Grid Enabled Vehicle
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Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Non-grid connected
– engine provides power
• parallel drive (Honda Integrated Motor Assist System)
• serial drive (diesel electric locomotives)
• combination (Toyota Synergy Drive, GM Dual Mode)
Grid connected (Plug-In)
– battery provides power
• Chevrolet Volt , Toyota Prius PHEV
• Mode 1 - charge depleting (Volt ≈ 40 mi, Toyota ≈ 15 mi)
• Mode 2 - charge sustaining (“unlimited” range, 100+ mpg)
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Battery Electric Vehicles
Non-road Electric Vehicle
– golf cars, industrial vehicles (forklifts, airport ground support equipment)
Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV - LSV)
– low speed vehicle (FMVSS500)
• GEM
• Wheego Whip
Urban or City Electric Vehicle
– small with limited range and speed
• Wheego LiFe
• TH!NK City
Full Function Electric Vehicle
– ICE vehicle replacement
• Nissan Leaf
• Ford Focus
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Infrastructure Issues
V2G – Vehicle to Grid
V2H – Vehicle to Home
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Impact on the Grid
Electricity – An energy source with
significant capacity to support
transportation.
10 million PEVs would only add an
additional load that is less than 1% of
the total grid load.
Enough excess generating capacity
exists at night in the U.S. to charge
200 million PEVs without adding any
new capacity.
US Motor Vehicles – 250 million
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Charging Terms / Considerations
Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)
–
–
–
–
–
are not chargers at all, but charging stations
the charger (AC to DC) is onboard the vehicle
the connector (plug) and cord set
intelligence, communication, and metering capability
bridges the gap between the vehicle and the grid
DC Fast Charge
– Not definitively defined (SAE)
– Generally recharges the battery to 80% in under 30 minutes
– Vehicle must be equipped to handle
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Contact Information
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