A seed plant is anchored in the
ground by its
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
stems.
roots.
leaves.
trichomes.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Ground tissue is found in a
plant’s
1. stems only.
2. stems and leaves
only.
3. roots and stems
only.
4. roots, stems, and
leaves.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What type of tissue is the first
tissue in a plant seedling?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
ground
vascular
meristematic
dermal
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In angiosperms, xylem consists
of tracheids and
1. sieve tube
elements.
2. companion cells.
3. vessel elements.
4. parenchyma cells.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
If some of the xylem of a young oak tree
were destroyed, it would most likely interfere
with the tree’s ability to
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. conduct sugars to
the roots.
2. absorb sunlight.
3. absorb water from
the soil.
4. conduct water to
the leaves.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
Unlike tracheids, vessel
elements
1. die before they
conduct water.
2. form a continuous
tube.
3. are found in
angiosperms.
4. are found in phloem.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Vascular tissue in plants
consists of
1. meristem.
2. xylem and
phloem.
3. parenchyma and
collenchyma cells.
4. epidermal cells.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The outer covering of a plant
consists of
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
ground tissue.
vascular tissue.
dermal tissue.
meristematic
tissue.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following is the only tissue
that produces new plant cells?
1. meristematic
tissue
2. phloem
3. ground tissue
4. xylem
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following should a student
examine under a compound microscope to
observe cell reproduction?
1. epidermis of a leaf 25% 25% 25% 25%
2. tip of a shoot
3. xylem from a tree
trunk
4. phloem from the
leaf of a plant
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
A carrot is a(an)
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
taproot.
fibrous root.
monocot.
extensive root
system.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following are found
mainly in monocots?
1. taproots
2. long, thick primary
roots
3. extensive root
systems
4. small secondary
roots
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following is most likely
to be used as a food source?
1. root of a monocot
2. root of a dicot
3. root with many
root hairs
4. fibrous root
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The layer of cells that encloses the vascular
tissue in the central region of a root is the
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
endodermis.
cortex.
xylem.
phloem.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The vascular cylinder of a root
consists of
1. xylem only.
2. phloem only.
3. phloem and
xylem.
4. phloem, xylem,
and ground
tissue.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Starting from the root cap, which of the
following is the correct sequence of cell
activity in a root?
elongation  division 
differentiation
division  elongation 
differentiation
differentiation 
elongation  division
division  differentiation
 elongation
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Minerals from the soil move into
roots by
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
diffusion.
transpiration.
active transport.
root pressure.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
There is a one-way movement of water and
minerals from the cortex into the vascular
cylinder of a root because
1.
water molecules are in
high concentration in
the cortex.
nutrients are in low
concentration in the
cortex.
the root pressure is low.
the Casparian strip is
waterproof.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The soil around a lilac bush was watered with a solution
containing radioactive phosphorus. Several hours later,
radiation was detected in its stems. Through which cells did
the radioactive phosphorus travel to the stems?
1. sieve tube
elements
2. companion cells
3. tracheids and
vessel elements
4. cells of the cortex
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
Root pressure
causes a plant’s roots to
absorb water.
forces water in xylem
downward.
is produced within the
cortex of the root.
is produced in the
vascular cylinder by
active transport.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
One of the main functions of
stems is to
1. carry out
photosynthesis.
2. transport substances
between roots and
leaves.
3. store carbohydrates.
4. store water.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The vascular tissue in a plant’s
stem
1. has buds.
2. is continuous from
the roots to the
leaves.
3. carries nutrients up
the stem but not
down.
4. consists of nodes.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Unlike roots, stems
1. transport water.
2. have ground
tissue.
3. are protected by
epidermal cells.
4. may carry out
photosynthesis.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Figure 23–1 shows cross
sections of monocot and dicot
1.
2.
3.
4.
25%
25%
25%
25%
1
2
3
4
roots.
leaf veins.
root hairs.
stems.
5
Vascular bundles are
1.
surrounded by pith in
monocot stems.
found in only dicot roots.
scattered throughout
dicot stems.
surrounded by
parenchyma in both
monocot and dicot
stems.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which one of the following
statements is true?
1.
The tissues in a monocot stem are
different from those in a dicot stem.
Xylem and phloem cells of monocots
are arranged in a cylinder.
The vascular bundles of monocot and
dicot stems are continuous from the
root’s vascular cylinder.
The pith and cortex of dicot stems
consist of meristematic cells.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
The primary growth of a stem
1.
is produced by cell
division in the cambium.
is produced by cell
division in the xylem
and phloem.
increases the length of
the stem.
increases the width of
the stem.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In dicot plants, secondary
growth
1. changes primary xylem and
phloem to secondary xylem
and phloem.
2. makes the roots longer.
3. results from an increase in the
primary xylem and phloem.
4. produces bark and wood.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
What might a thin tree ring
indicate?
1. increased production
of xylem
2. xylem production in
winter
3. decreased
production of
phloem
4. a year of drought
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following describes
the heartwood of a tree?
1. active xylem that transports
water and minerals
2. old, nonfunctioning xylem
3. old, nonfunctioning phloem
4. produces protective layers
of cork
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse
in and out of a leaf through the
1. palisade
mesophyll.
2. guard cells.
3. phloem.
4. stomata.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Most of the photosynthetic activity
in plants takes place in the
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
mesophyll.
guard cells.
stomata.
xylem.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following does NOT directly
enable photosynthesis to take place in a
leaf?
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. guard cells
2. stoma
3. phloem
4. xylem
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
In Figure 23–2, the X points to a
1.
2.
3.
4.
25%
25%
25%
25%
1
2
3
4
guard cell.
mesophyll cell.
vein.
stoma.
5
In Figure 23–2, the water
pressure in the
1. stoma is low.
2. stoma is high.
3. guard cells is
high.
4. guard cells is low.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The stomata of leaves are
usually open in
1. light if a plant has
enough water.
2. light if a plant has
too little water.
3. darkness if a plant
has enough water.
4. darkness if a plant
has too little water.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following terms is
LEAST related to the other terms?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
oxygen
stomata
carbon dioxide
transpiration
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following
statements is NOT true?
1.
The opening of stomata
increases transpiration.
The stomata of a wilted
plant are open.
Plants may release
carbon dioxide through
the stomata.
Stomata may be closed
during the day.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The attraction of water molecules
to other molecules is called
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
adhesion.
cohesion.
capillary action.
transpiration pull.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Through which plant cells does
water move by capillary action?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
phloem cells
guard cells
mesophyll cells
xylem cells
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Water will move higher in a narrow glass
tube than in a wide glass tube because of
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
adhesion only.
capillary action.
pressure.
cohesion only.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The closing of a plant’s stomata
will
1.
increase capillary action
in the plant’s stem.
increase transpiration
pull.
cause wilting.
cause less water to be
pulled up from the
plant’s roots.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The movement of sugars in a
plant can be explained by
1. capillary action.
2. transpiration pull.
3. the pressure-flow
hypothesis.
4. root pressure.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
When a plant moves sugars from
its leaves to its roots, the sink is the
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
leaves.
roots.
stems.
same as the
source.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
According to the pressure-flow hypothesis,
which of the following statements is NOT
true?
1.
Water moves from the xylem to the
phloem of a plant.
Water is necessary for sugars to move
through phloem.
Phloem is able to move sugars in either
direction to meet the nutritional needs of
the plant.
The movement of water into a nutrientrich region of the phloem decreases the
pressure in that region.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The principal organs in which plants carry
out photosynthesis are leaves.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Phloem consists of vessel elements and
companion cells.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Meristematic tissue produces new cells by
mitosis. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
The high concentration of mineral ions in the plant
cells causes water molecules to move into the
plant by diffusion. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
A decrease in the active transport of minerals into
a root would not cause the root to release water
into the soil. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
A bud consists of ground tissue.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
The vascular bundles in a dicot stem are
arranged randomly.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
The secondary growth of a dicot stem results from
cell divisions in the stem’s vascular cambium and
xylem. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
In a tree, the heartwood increases in width
over time. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
The thin, flat part of a leaf is called the
petiole. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Transpiration is the loss of oxygen through a
plant’s leaves.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
When the guard cells of a leaf lose water,
the stomata open.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
In plants, the opening and closing of stomata
balance water loss with the need for carbon
dioxide. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Water rises to the top of a giant redwood
tree by transpiration pull.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
When plants pump nutrients from their roots
to their branches, the roots are the sink.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Participant Scores
0
0
Participant 1
Participant 2
0
0
0
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5
The three main organs of seed plants are
roots, leaves, and ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The sugary sap of maple trees is tapped as
it moves through the
_________________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
When water moves up through xylem cells
called ____________________, it passes
through openings between the cells.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The roots of grasses are a type of root
called a(an) ____________________ root.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 23–3
Figure 23–3 shows a cross section
of a(an) ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Root hairs take in water from the soil
through the process of
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
As the relative concentration of mineral ions in a root’s
epidermal cells increases, the relative concentration of
water molecules ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The ____________________ on a stem
contain undeveloped tissue that can
produce new stems and leaves.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 23–1
In Figure 23–1, B is pointing to
_________________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
____________________ consists of the
outer layers of secondary xylem in dicot
stems.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
If a cross section of a tree has 12 tree rings,
it is most likely ____________________
years old.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The layer of growing tissue that surrounds
the expanding phloem tissue in trees is the
_________________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Stomata open into the
_________________________ layer of a
leaf.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
____________________ cells control
the opening and closing of stomata.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
In angiosperms, capillary action raises water
to a higher level in ____________________
tissue.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How is the function of a tree
trunk related to photosynthesis?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Contrast the flow of materials in
xylem and phloem.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Where are the youngest cells in
a plant found?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What three kinds of tissues does
meristematic tissue develop into?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Contrast the growth of fibrous
roots and taproots in soil.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Which roots are more effective in reducing
erosion, fibrous roots or taproots? Explain
your answer
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 23–3
In Figure 23–3, what is structure C,
and what tissues is it made up of?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What types of tissues are found
in a root’s zone of maturation?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What do roots absorb from the
soil?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How is the function of a stem
similar to that of a root?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Contrast the arrangement of vascular
bundles in monocot stems and dicot stems.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
By what three processes does water
rise from the roots to the top of a tree?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Root pressure causes guttation, the exuding of water
droplets seen in the morning on blades of grass and on the
leaf edges of some monocots. Why does guttation not
occur in the leaves of trees?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
According to the pressure-flow hypothesis,
how does water from xylem cause sugars to
flow through phloem?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
In the pressure-flow hypothesis,
what does the term sink refer to?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
In what ways do the leaves of a plant
depend on the plant’s roots and stem?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A nail that has been hammered into the trunk of a
tree is found at the same height year after year,
even as the tree grows taller. Explain why.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How do the functions of the three kinds
of cells that form ground tissue differ?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe the three main
functions of stems.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Explain the role of active transport in the
movement of water and dissolved nutrients
from the soil to the root of a plant.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Explain how the ringlike arrangement of
vascular bundles in a dicot stem results in
two rings of vascular tissue in the stem.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Explain how the structure of the mesophyll
of a plant is adapted to carry out
photosynthesis.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Explain why the stomata of a plant
open after the plant has been watered.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Under what conditions of rainfall,
temperature, and light would a plant’s
stomata be closed? Explain your answer
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
According to the pressure-flow hypothesis,
under what conditions might root tissue be
the source and leaf tissue the sink?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5