HUBEI PROVINCIAL SEED GROUP CO.,LTD
!
楚国种 天下用
A life cycle of Cotton
•
The life cycle of Cotton contains seed germination and sprouting
from the first, roots and stems and leaves growth, and branches
emerging and elongating , Based on the grawth of vegetative
orgems,reproductive orgems formation and deuelopment ,such
as flower bud differentiation, budding, flowering, boll enlarging,
and boll opening and cotton seeds mature.
•
According to organs forming sequence and development
process,cotton growing periods can be divided as five stages:seed
sprouting, seedling, bud, flowering and boll forming and boll
opening stages.
Sowing seeds and
raising seedlings in
nursery pots
Transplanted
seedlings
sprouting stage
seedling stage
bud stage
flowering and boll
forming stage
Boll opening stage
(Mature period)
hybrid cotton seed production
hybrid cotton seed production:
In simple term，hybrid cotton seed production indicates that before the
flowers of female parent bloom, remove their stamens and corolla and then
pollinate their stigmas with male parent’s pollens, finally the female parent
bolls produce hybrid F1 seeds.
Simple diagram of hybrid cotton seed production
Mother
line
♀
Father
line
♂
Early management and operation
procedures in hybrid cotton seed production
1 Natural conditions
7 Seedbed management and roguing
2 Field selection
8 Transplanting
3 Preparation of nutrient soil 9
Seedling stage management
4 Parents seed selection and 10 Bud stage management
treatment
Flowering and boll forming stage
5 Sowing
11 management
6 Field preparation
12 Cotton harvest and cotton ginning
•An important part of blossoming and boll forming stage
——artificial pollination
1.Natural conditions
PH value
Organic mater
Total N
Active P
Active K
Tilling soil layer
Subsoil layer
Zinc
Boron
Sulphur Manganese Molybdenum
1.Natural conditions
• Water requirements: it need rainfall 450600mm during growing period;
• Light requirements:
Compensation point :1000-2000lux;
Saturation point :70000-80000 lux.
• Temperature requirements : 14 ℃-35 ℃,
the optimum 25 ℃-30 ℃.
2、Field
selection
Fertile soil, flat, no shadow, located leeward;
The requirements of fields：contiguous vast plot, convenient irrigation and
drainage, disease-free
3. preparation of nutrient
• Prepare 6.5-7MT nutrient
soil for one hectare
seedbed, mix with 30kg
compound fertilizer, and
then water the soil 15
days ahead seed sowing.
soil
4. Parent
seeds selection
and treatment
•
Select plump, vigorous and
Soak seeds
intact seeds
•
One day before sowing: soak the
seeds with water solution of 150mg/kg
DPC and 70% imidacloprid 500mg/kg
for 8 hours. One kg water solution can
soak 2 kg seeds.
5. Sowing
Include ：
•
Preparation of
Nutritionpot;
•
Filling nutrient soil in
nutritionpots and
watering advance;
•
Dibble seeding;
•
Earthing the seeds with
nutrient soil; covering
the seedbed with
polythene membrane
5. Sowing
5.1 Nutritionpots
Prepare 33000
plastic cups per
hectare that each cup
has a small hole at the
bottom
(plastic cup for nursery)
(Making nutrition bowls for nursery)
5. Sowing
5.2. Filling soil and watering
filled with soil
water the soil one
day before sowing
5. Sowing
5.3. Dibble seeding
Keep water holding
capacity of the soil at
about 80% Before sowing
a. Make a hole in
the central of bowl
(if the bowl is a
plastic cup)
b. Put a seed (bigger side
upwards) in the hole
Sowing male parent seeds 3-5 days earlier than female parent
5. Sowing
5.4 Earthing the seeds and
covering embrane
After sowing, cover the seeds with a
layer of 1.5cm depth fine soil, press
the soil slightly, then cover with
plastic membrane to keep proper
moisture. If the temperature is too
high, sunshading nets is needed.
6. Field preparation
6.1 Furrow and ridge
a. Deeply plough the land and harrow the soil;
b. Dig ditches every 190cm and make ridges
for cotton seedling transplanting;
c. make 2 trenches on each ridge for fertilizer
applying.
ditches
Space 190cm
6. Field Preparation
Apply basal fertilizer before transplanting: organic
6.2 Field fertilization
fertilizer 40-60 cubic meters, or cake fertilizer 750kg,
urea 300kg, 12% Phosphate 900kg, 60% potash 225kg,
zinc 15kg, manganese fertilizer 15kg, Granubor
(boron) 4.5kg. (per hectare )
trench
6. Field Preparation
6.3 Chemical weeding
a.We can spray 48% Trifluralin 1500-1875g/hm2 on the surface of soil before
transplanting；
use in early time
Trifluralin
7. Seedbed management and roguing off-type
7.1 Seedbed management
The main work is spraying chemicals to prevent diseases and pests
Carbendazol,Furandan,Tachigaren
7. Seedbed management and roguing off-type
7.2 Roguing off-type
a. Female parents：identify and remove the off-type plants by the appearance
of shape (such as hair and color of stem) during seedling and bud stages
b. When the seedlings are
at 1.5 leaves stage,
spraying kanamycin
solution 8000mg/kg for
roguing off-type (the
plants will become
yellowish and die after 5
days)
Off-type
plants
kanamycin
8. Transplanting
Applying compound fertilizer 225kg/ha before
transplanting. Start transplanting from 2.5 leaves stage.
Timely watering
after
transplanting
8. Transplanting
Row spacing &plant
spacing of female plants
(F) and male plants (M)
Transplant Male plants 3-5 days
earlier than female parent with
M
row to row space
Plant to plant space
Plant to plant space
F
the row and plant spacing 70cm:
45cm, and female plants spacing
is 95cm: 45cm. Area ratio of Male
and female parents is 1:7-8.
row to row space
Check and fill the vacant place in
time after transplanting.
9. Seedling stage management
9.1 Fertilization and watering
•
Apply less quantity fertilizer
for 1-2 times after the
seedlings recovered: spot
applying solution of urea
apart 10-13cm from the
seedlings, per acre land
need urea 24 to 30 kg.
Repeat once if necessary.
9. Seedling stage management
9.2 Disease and pest control
• Mainly prevent aphids, thrips and other
pests in the seeding stage
aphids
thrips
10. Bud stage management
10.1 Bud stage Fertilization
When bud appears in cotton plant,
apply decomposed cake fertilizer
240-300kg, potash 60 kg and
compound fertilizer 150 kg.
Caution: do not use quick-acting
nitrogen such as urea from the
budding stage till to early flowering.
10.2 Ridging and molding
After fertilization, taking soil to make ridge at the base of seedlings to
prevent plant lodging and waterlogging.
10. Bud stage management
10.3 Pruning in time
Remove vegetative shoots,
redundant branches and buds at
the bottom to create a fruitful
frame. If seedlings density is
low, remain 1-2 vegetative
shoots to cover vacant space.
10.4 Chemical control
Apply DPC 30g/hm2 to prevent buds shattering and overflourishing of the seedlings after budding according to the
weather and seedling conditions
DPC
10. Bud stage management
10.5 Roguing
Cotton is a kind of often crosspollinated crop, parental mutations
usually occurs. During bud stage,
off-type features are visible,
roguing work should be done in
time according to plant type, leaf
shape, boll-shape or the number of
stem villi, ability of insect and
disease resistance etc.
10. Bud stage management
10.6 Pests control
Control of aphids, cotton bollworm,
blind stinkbug, corn borer and other
Corn borer
harmful pests in the bud stage
Cotton bollworm
Aphid
Cotton bugs
Aphids
11. Management during the flowering
and boll forming stage
11.1 Topdressing in
flower-boll stage
a. Ploughing near cotton plants and
applying fertilizer after the first boll
form (boll diameter 2cm ). Apply
urea 225kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer
600kg/hm2, potassium fertilizer
225kg/hm2, Granubor (boron) 1-2
bags
b. Apply urea 150kg/hm2 after 1520 days of previous topdressing
according seedling condition;
c. Later period topdressing is
spraying water solution of urea and
KH2PO4, once a week.
11. Management during the flowering
and boll forming stage
11.2 Proper chemical regulation
●According to the weather and seedling condition, use regulator 2-3 times
from initial flowering to topping stage. 5-7 days after topping, apply 25%
DPC 20-25ml/hm2 for capping (final regulation).
11.3 Remove tops
● Remove the tops of
plants and tips of
downside branches to
eliminate the top
superiority when fruit
branches reach 20-21
per plant or in the midOctober
11. Management during the flowering
and boll forming stage
11.4 Diseases and pests control
Mainly prevent cotton bollworm: biological control and ecological chemical is
the main treatment in earlier stages; organophosphorus insecticide and
chrysanthemate pesticide are the main chemicals during later stages, spraying
such pesticides every 5-7days, joined by manual seizing of aged larvae.
Organophosphorus
insecticide
Ecological
pesticide
bollworm
11. Management during the flowering
and boll forming stage
• An important part of flowering and boll forming stage
——artificial pollination
●What is artificial pollination?
● how to do it?
Artificial pollination
•
Pollination time
•
Preparation before Pollination
•
Ways and means of emasculation
and pollination
•
Pollination notice
•
Inspection personnel requirements
Artificial pollination
1. Preparation before Pollination
a.
50-60 employees needed per
hectare land. Reserve
fingernails 10days ahead
b.
Preparation for pollination work
c.
Before the date of pollination,
Pollination
bottle
forceps
remove vegetative branches
and new redundant branches
and shoots of female plants;
Check and ensure removing all
the existing cotton bolls and
flowers in the morning of
sieve
emasculation.
Color
thread
d.
Cloth
bag
The due pollination time is
tentatively scheduled around in
September 1st
Artificial pollination
2. Ways and means of
emasculation and pollination
a. Time of emasculation：every 1:00 pm
to next 5:00 am
b. Object of emasculation：corolla of
rapid elongation of the female parent
Bloomed female bud is forbidden for
emasculation.
Artificial pollination
2. Ways and means of
emasculation and pollination
c. Emasculation：insert forceps or
thumbnail into a crown base, remove
the corolla and anther around the ovary.
No anther left, no injury to the bract,
ovary and stigma. All removed
anthers taken out of the field
Artificial pollination
4.Pollen collection
a. Pollen collection requirements：collect
anthers together with the corolla from male
plants’ flowers
male
Sieve the pollen out and collect
them into vials for pollination
Artificial pollination
4.Pollen collection
Weather forecast
Fetch male bud
Cold store
b. Issues for pollen
preservation
If the next day may rain, fetch the male plant ready-flowering buds in advance, and store
them in refrigerator at 10-15℃.
Artificial pollination
4. pollination
Every sunny day, start
pollination after dew
dried, about 9:00 am
Artificial pollination
5. Pollination notice
During rainy season, one
end closed tube should
be used to protect the
post-emasculated
stigma and to prevent
subsequent pollination
failing from rain soaking。
The next day, remove the
bloomed buds and take
out of the field before
emasculation.
Artificial pollination
5. Pollination notice
Pollinate after the drew on the stigma dried
（NOTE: The pollens would
lose activity if the pollens
of male parent blooming
flowers were soaked by
rain, or pollinated pollens
on stigma met rainwater
within 2 hours.
Therefore, we should pay
attention to the weather: If
the next day may rain,
fetch the male plant readyflowering buds in advance
(the night or next early
morning), and store them
in refrigerator at 10-15℃.
Artificial pollination
5. Pollination notice
●Remove all non-emasculated
flowers and self-pollinated
bolls on the female plants in
time, including those resulted
by consecutive rainy days
●Cut off new branches after
the pollination period
Artificial pollination
5. Pollination notice
Suffered by high temperature and dry weather, the pollen number of
male flowers will be lessened, spraying water or irrigating in time could
reduce temperature and increase the pollens.
Artificial pollination
6. The duty of the
inspection staff
5:00-7:00 AM check emasculating
condition of the previous day,
examine by monitoring points.
7:00-9:00AM check and clear white
and red flowers and the quality of
previous pollination, Remove red
and white flowers in time before
pollination to prevent self-crossed
bolls.
Clearance standard: no white and red
flowers exist in seed production
fields before hand-pollination
Artificial pollination
6. The duty of the
inspection staff
First, check whether the pollination is sufficient and uniform.
(Observe the pollen on the stigma)
Check the
quality of
pollination
Second, check whether buds kept un-pollinated.
19、检验人员工作要求
Artificial pollination
6. The duty of the inspection staff
Afternoon (15:30-18:30): Check the quality of emasculating and
situation of removing self-crossed boll.
Hand-pollinated
人工授粉棉桃
Boll
Bract
Self-pollinated
Female
Hand-pollinated
Self-pollinated
Emasculation
boll
boll
自交成桃
Boll
Artificial pollination
6. The duty of the inspection staff
Check the quality of emasculation：
First, whether the emasculation of the buds is perfect. Anther can not be
left. The removed corolla and stamens should be taken out of the field
and destroyed.
Second, whether the emasculation of the fields is thoroughly.
Emasculate all the buds which will bloom on the next day.
Artificial pollination
6. The duty of the inspection staff
● Inspection staff must urge the workers to remove the self-pollinated
bolls all the time, and check before and after the work. 3-5 days after the
pollination and removing, inspection staff check and accept it. Rate of selfpollinated bolls (include flowers and buds) in the seed field must be less
than 0.1%.
≤ 0.1%
23、授粉结束
The pollination would be probably end on November 1st.
Remove male plants after completing the whole pollination work; cut away
the tops of female branches and spray water solution of DPC 80-120g per
hectare. Clear the later flowers and buds continuously for 10days.
12. Cotton harvest and cotton ginning
12.1Cotton harvest
after cotton boll opened.
b.Sundry the cotton, remove out
Harvest
a.Harvest cotton every 7 days
rotten and rigid pieces. Amass
ginning after cotton dry.
Picking
晒花
12. Cotton harvest and cotton ginning
12.2 Examination of cotton ginning
Ginning machine of more than 40 sheets of saw tooth ? are used
for cotton ginning. Ensure the seed broken rate is less than 2%,
percentage of healthy seeds is above 85% and germination is above
72%