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TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE
At the completion of this lesson the student will:
Action: Plan a flight
Condition: Given a VFR flight mission, required
equipment, charts and publications
Standard: In Accordance With (IAW) Army
Regulation (AR) 95-1, 14 CFR (Code of Federal
Regulations) Part 91, Aeronautical Information
Manual (AIM) and the Sectional Aeronautical
Chart
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE
(ELO) #1
Action: Select the applicable publication
concerning rules or regulations governing flight
conditions
Condition: Given a condition of flight within U.S.
airspace and a copy of AR 95-1 and 14 CFR
Part 91
Standard: IAW AR 95-1 and 14 CFR Part 91
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AR 95-1
Applicability: This regulation applies to all
Army, Army National Guard of the United
States, and U.S. Army Reserve aircraft
systems and persons involved in the
operation, aviation training,
standardization, and maintenance of such
aircraft and systems.
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AR 95-1
Purpose: This regulation establishes
procedures, policies, and responsibilities
for aircrew training, standardization,
and the operation of Army aircraft.
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14 CFR PART 91
Applicability:
a. Applies only in the United States and
it’s territories.
b. Applies to both civil and military aircraft
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14 CFR PART 91
Purpose:
a. Regulates the operation of aircraft.
b. Regulates the actions of airmen.
c. Defines and regulates airspace.
Limits:
a. Does not apply to operations over
high seas.
b. Pilot may deviate for safety of flight.
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EMERGENCIES!
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EMERGENCIES: AR 95-1
para 1-6. Deviations
a. Individuals may deviate from
provisions of this regulation during
emergencies.
b. Individuals who deviate from the
provisions of this regulation, Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA), or
host country regulations must report
details of the incident directly to their unit
commander. The incident must be
reported within 24 hours after it occurs.
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE
(ELO) #2
Action: Select the basic VFR cloud clearances
governing flight in controlled airspace
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW FAR Part 91
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Basic VFR Cloud Clearance
in Class B Airspace
3 SM Visibility
Clear of Clouds
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Basic VFR Cloud Clearance
in Class C and Class D Airspace
1000’ above
2000’ horizontal
3 SM Visibility
500’ below
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Basic VFR Cloud Clearance
in Class E Airspace
18,000 feet MSL
1000’ above
5 SM Visibility
1 SM horizontal
1000’ below
= > 10,000 feet MSL
< 10,000 feet MSL
1000’ above
2000’ horizontal
3 SM Visibility
500’ below
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE
(ELO) #3
Action: Select the correct rules/regulations
governing flight within Class A airspace
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91
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CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
Airspace of defined dimensions
within which air traffic control
service is provided to IFR flights
and to VFR flights in accordance
with the airspace classification.
Airspace classifications are
Class A, Class B,
Class C, Class D, Class E.
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CLASS E
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CLASS A
Airspace designated in 14 CFR
Part 71, within which there is
positive control of aircraft.
Class A airspace is designated
throughout most of the
conterminous United States.
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Flight Level 600
Operating requirements in
Dimensions - Class A
Class A - All IFR
18,000 Feet MSL
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE
(ELO) #4
Action: Select regulations governing Class B
airspace
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91
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CLASS B
Controlled airspace extending upward from the
surface or higher to specified altitudes within
which all aircraft are subject to operating rules
and pilot and equipment requirements specified in
14 CFR part 91.
(The nation’s busiest airports in terms of IFR
operations or passenger enplanements.)
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Class B - Profile View
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PRIMARY
AIRPORT
BLUE
CONCENTRIC
CIRCLES
LATERAL
DIMENSIONS
AS DEPICTED
VERTICAL
DIMENSIONS
AS CHARTED
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PRIMARY
AIRPORT
BLUE
CONCENTRIC
CIRCLES
LATERAL
DIMENSIONS
AS DEPICTED
VERTICAL
DIMENSIONS
AS CHARTED
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MODE “C” VEIL
MAGENTA
CONCENTRIC
CIRCLE
LATERAL DIMENSIONS THIRTY NAUTICAL MILES
FROM CENTER OF
PRIMARY AIRPORT
VERTICAL DIMENSIONS
SURFACE TO
10,000 FEET MSL
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30 NM
30 NM
Mode C Veil
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MODE C
30 NM
MODE C
CEILING - 10,000 FT MSL
Mode C Veil
Class B
Operating Requirements:
•
•
ATC Clearance required prior to entry.
4096 Code Transponder with Mode C
required while operating within the thirty
mile veil.
•
Maintain 3 SM visibility and remain
clear of clouds.
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VFR Cloud Clearance in
Class B Airspace
3 SM Visibility
Clear Of Clouds
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Operating within the thirty
nautical mile veil
(outside of Class B):
• Two-way radio and initial contact not
required.
• Mode C and squawking VFR (1200) is
required.
• VFR cloud clearances for airspace
classification.
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE
(ELO) #5
Action: Select regulations governing flight within
Class C airspace
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91
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CLASS C
Regulatory airspace surrounding
designated airports wherein ATC
provides radar vectoring and
sequencing on a full time basis
for all VFR and IFR aircraft.
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PRIMARY
AIRPORT
MAGENTA
CONCENTRIC
CIRCLES
LATERAL
DIMENSIONS
DEPICTED
VERTICAL
DIMENSIONS
CHARTED
CLASS C AIRSPACE
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PRIMARY
AIRPORT
MAGENTA
CONCENTRIC
CIRCLES
LATERAL
DIMENSIONS
DEPICTED
VERTICAL
DIMENSIONS
CHARTED
CLASS C AIRSPACE
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4,000 FT
Core surface area - surface to 4,000
feet above airport elevation and 5 NM
radius from airport center.
5 NM
Class C
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1,200 FT to
4,000 FT
Shelf area - 1,200 feet to 4,000 feet
above airport elevation and 10 NM
radius from airport center.
10 NM
Class C
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Class C
Operating Requirements:
• Mandatory use is required within
10NM and two-way radio
communication must be maintained
while within Class C airspace.
• Mode C required within and above all
Class C airspace up to 10,000 ft MSL.
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Class C
Operating Requirements:
• Operations from satellite airports
located within Class C airspace require
two-way radio communications with the
ATC facility having jurisdiction over the
airspace.
• Basic VFR cloud clearances apply.
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Basic VFR Cloud Clearance
in Class C Airspace
1000’ above
2000’ horizontal
3 SM Visibility
500’ below
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE
(ELO) #6
Action: Select regulations governing flight within
Class D airspace
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91
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CLASS D
Controlled airspace around an airport
at which a control tower is operating.
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PRIMARY
AIRPORT
BLUE
SEGMENTED
LINE
HORIZONTAL
BOUNDARIES
TAILORED
VERTICAL
LIMITS
CHARTED
CLASS D AIRSPACE
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PRIMARY
AIRPORT
BLUE
SEGMENTED
LINE
HORIZONTAL
BOUNDARIES
TAILORED
VERTICAL
LIMITS
CHARTED
CLASS D AIRSPACE
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2,500 FT
Surface to 2,500 feet above the
airport elevation,horizontal
boundaries individually tailored.
CLASS D
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Class D
Operating Requirements:
• Required to establish radio
communications for operations within
Class D airspace.
• Communications required if landing or
departing to/from satellite airports within
the Class D airspace.
• Maintain basic cloud clearance and
visibility.
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Basic VFR Cloud Clearance
in Class D Airspace
1000’ above
2000’ horizontal
3 SM Visibility
500’ below
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE
(ELO) #7
Action: Select regulations governing flight within
Class E airspace
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91
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CLASS E
If airspace is controlled airspace
and it is not Class A, B, C, or D,
it is Class E airspace. Class E
airspace begins at the surface
or a higher specified altitude, and
extends upward to the
overlying controlled airspace.
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SURFACE BASED
CLASS E
1. An airport without a control
tower.
2. Exists when the operating control
tower shuts down and an approved
weather observation system is in
operation and communications are
available to the surface.
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SURFACE BASED
CLASS E
3. Extensions to surface areas of
other controlled airspace.
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NO CONTROL
TOWER
MANGENTA
SEGMENTED
LINE
HORIZONTAL
BOUNDARIES
TAILORED
SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE
NO CONTROL TOWER
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NO CONTROL
TOWER
MAGENTA
SEGMENTED
LINE
HORIZONTAL
BOUNDARIES
TAILORED
SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE
NO CONTROL TOWER
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CONTROL
TOWER SHUTS DOWN
BLUE
SEGMENTED
LINE
HORIZONTAL
BOUNDARIES
TAILORED
SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE
TOWER SHUTS DOWN
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CONTROL
TOWER SHUTS DOWN
BLUE
SEGMENTED
LINE
HORIZONTAL
BOUNDARIES
TAILORED
SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE
TOWER SHUTS DOWN
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MAGENTA
SEGMENTED
LINE
HORIZONTAL
BOUNDARIES
TAILORED
SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE
EXTENSION TO SURFACE AREA
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MAGENTA
SEGMENTED
LINE
HORIZONTAL
BOUNDARIES
TAILORED
SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE
EXTENSION TO SURFACE AREA
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CLASS E
ALOFT AREAS
1. Controlled airspace beginning at 700 FT
or 1200 FT AGL used to transition from the
terminal or enroute environment.
2. Controlled airspace beginning at a higher
MSL altitude.
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INSIDE OF
MAGENTA
VIGNETTE =
700 FT
AGL BASE
HORIZONTAL
BOUNDARIES
TAILORED
CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS
700 FT BASE
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INSIDE OF
MAGENTA
VIGNETTE =
700 FT
AGL BASE
HORIZONTAL
BOUNDARIES
TAILORED
CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS
700 FT BASE
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OUTSIDE OF
MAGENTA =
1200 FT
AGL BASE
CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS
1200 FT AGL BASE
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OUTSIDE OF
MAGENTA =
1200 FT
AGL BASE
CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS
1200 FT AGL BASE
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INSIDE OF BLUE
VIGNETTE =
BASE 10,500 FT MSL
(IN THIS EXAMPLE)
CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS
1200 FT AGL BASE OR HIGHER WHEN
ABUTTING CLASS G AIRSPACE
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INSIDE OF BLUE
VIGNETTE =
BASE 10,500 FT MSL
(IN THIS EXAMPLE)
CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS
1200 FT AGL BASE OR HIGHER WHEN
ABUTTING CLASS G AIRSPACE
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FLOOR OF CLASS E
AIRSPACE IS
GREATER THAN
700 FT AGL IN
AREA DESIGNATED
BY “TRACTOR
TREAD” DESIGN
CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS
FLOORS GREATER THAN 700 FT AGL
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THE FLOOR OF
CLASS E
AIRSPACE IS AT
14,500 FT MSL
UNLESS
DESIGNATED
AT A LOWER
ALTITUDE
CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS
BASE 14,500 FT MSL
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Class E
Operating Requirements:
• No Special Equipment requirements
when less than 10,000 FT MSL. If at or
above 10,000 FT MSL, transponder with
Mode C capability is required.
• Maintain basic VFR cloud clearance
requirements for flight altitude.
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Basic VFR Cloud Clearance
in Class E Airspace
1000’ above
5 SM Visibility
1 SM horizontal
1000’ below
= > 10,000 feet MSL
< 10,000 feet MSL
1000’ above
2000’ horizontal
3 SM Visibility
500’ below
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE
(ELO) #8
Action: Select regulations governing flight within
Class G airspace
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW AR 95-1 and 14 CFR Part 91
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CLASS G
That portion of the airspace that
has not been designated as
Class A, B, C, D, or E airspace is Class G.
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Class G Dimensions
Airspace outside of or below
controlled airspace.
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Class G equipment
requirements:
CLASS E
VFR - none
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Class G, at or below 1,200 FT AGL,
regardless of MSL altitude;
operate clear of clouds,
at a rate of speed to see and avoid
CLASSand
E other traffic,
obstacles
1/2 mile vis day, 1 mile vis night.
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Class G, above 1,200 FT AGL, but below
10,000 FT MSL;
500 FT below clouds, 1000 FT
above clouds, 2000 FT horizontally
from clouds,
CLASS E
maintain 1 SM visibility day, 3 SM
visibility night.
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Class G, above 1,200 FT AGL and at or
above 10,000 FT MSL;
1000 FT below clouds, 1000 FT
above clouds, 1 mile horizontally
from clouds, and maintain 5 SM
CLASS
E
visibility.
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE
(ELO) #9
Action: Identify requirements for Special VFR
flight
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW AR 95-1 and 14 CFR Part 91
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SPECIAL VFR REQUIREMENTS:
1. Air Traffic Control clearance required.
2. Operating within the lateral boundaries of
surface areas of controlled airspace
designated for an airport, when the weather
is below 1,000 FT ceiling and visibility is
less than 3 SM.
3. Maintain clear of clouds and 1/2 mile
visibility unless higher minimums are
required at the airfield.
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE
(ELO) #10
Action: Select regulations governing flight in an
Airport Advisory Area
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW FAR Part 91
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Airport Advisory Area (AAA)
The area around an airport without a
control tower, or where the tower is not in
operation, but where a Flight Service
Station is located and operational.
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NO CONTROL
TOWER IN
OPERATION
FSS OPERATIONAL
10 SM FROM
CENTER OF
AIRPORT,
SURFACE TO
INDEFINITE.
AIRPORT ADVISORY AREA
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INDEFINITE
Surface to
indefinite,
horizontal
boundaries 10
SM radius from
airport center.
10 SM
AIRPORT ADVISORY AREA
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Airport Advisory Area
Operating Requirements:
• VFR, recommended to maintain twoway radio communications while
operating in the Airport Advisory Area.
• Maintain basic VFR cloud clearance
requirements for flight altitude.
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE
(ELO) #11
Action: Select regulations governing flight with
Terminal Radar Service Areas (TRSA’s)
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91
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Terminal Radar Service Area
Part of the radar service program at
selected airports. The TRSA’s do not fit
into any of the U.S. airspace classes.
Primary airports become Class D airspace.
The TRSA will overlie other
controlled airspace, usually Class E.
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CLASS D
AT PRIMARY
AIRPORT
SOLID BLACK
LINES
LATERAL
DIMENSIONS
AS DEPICTED
VERTICAL
DIMENSIONS
AS CHARTED
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TERMINAL RADAR
SERVICE AREA
Terminal Radar Service Area
Operating Requirements:
• Contact ATC to use services.
• Maintain basic VFR cloud clearance
requirements for flight altitude.
• Comply with ATC instructions.
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE
(ELO) #12
Action: Select regulations governing flight in
Special Use Airspace
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91
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Special Use Airspace
Special Use Airspace consists of that
airspace wherein activities must be
confined because of their nature, or
wherein limitations are imposed upon
aircraft operations that are not part
of those activities or both.
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BLUE OR MAGENTA
FEATHERED LINES
VERTICAL
DIMENSIONS
AS DESIGNATED
IN TABULATED
DATA ON SOUTH
SIDE OF VFR
SECTIONAL
SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE
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Prohibited Area
Established for national security reasons.
Flight within this area prohibited.
Designated with letter symbol “P” and
number designator.
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BLUE
FEATHERED LINES
AND DESIGNATOR
VERTICAL
DIMENSIONS
AS DESIGNATED
IN TABULATED
DATA ON SOUTH
SIDE OF VFR
SECTIONAL
PROHIBITED AREA
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Restricted Area
Denotes the existence of unusual, often
invisible hazards such as aerial gunnery,
artillery, or missile firing. Advance
permission required. Designated with the
letter “R” and number designator.
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BLUE
FEATHERED LINES
AND DESIGNATOR
VERTICAL
DIMENSIONS
AS DESIGNATED
IN TABULATED
DATA ON SOUTH
SIDE OF VFR
SECTIONAL
RESTRICTED AREA
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Warning Area
Denotes airspace over international waters
with hazards similar to restricted areas.
Aircraft cannot be restricted from entry
since area is over international waters.
Designated with letter symbol “W” and
number designator.
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BLUE
FEATHERED LINES
AND DESIGNATOR
VERTICAL
DIMENSIONS
AS DESIGNATED
IN TABULATED
DATA ON SOUTH
SIDE OF VFR
SECTIONAL
WARNING AREA
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Alert Area
Alerts pilots to high volume of pilot training
or unusual activity within the area. No
restrictions on through flight. Pilots are
responsible for collision avoidance.
Designated with letter symbol “A” and
number designator.
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BLUE
FEATHERED LINES
AND DESIGNATOR
VERTICAL
DIMENSIONS
AS DESIGNATED
IN TABULATED
DATA ON SOUTH
SIDE OF VFR
SECTIONAL
ALERT AREA
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Military Operations Area
Alerts pilots to military aircraft which may
be performing abrupt maneuvers or
aerobatics. No restrictions to through flight.
Designated with letter symbol “MOA” and
name designator.
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MAGENTA
FEATHERED LINES
AND DESIGNATOR
VERTICAL
DIMENSIONS
AS DESIGNATED
IN TABULATED
DATA ON SOUTH
SIDE OF VFR
SECTIONAL
MILITARY OPERATIONS AREA
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Air Defense Identification Zone
Airspace within which the identification,
location, and control of aircraft are
required for national security. VFR traffic
flying into the ADIZ must file a Defense
VFR (DVFR) flight plan. Designated with
magenta line and magenta dots with words
“Air Defense Identification Zone.”
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MAGENTA
LINE AND DOTS
SURFACE TO
INDEFINITE
AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE
(ELO) #13
Action: Select regulations governing flight in
Temporary Flight Restriction areas
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW Aeronautical Information Manual
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What is a TFR?
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Causes for the creation of
Temporary Flight Restriction areas
Provide a safe environment for the operation
of disaster relief aircraft. This area is
normally limited to within 2000 feet AGL and
within a 3-nautical mile radius.
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Protect people and property from existing or
imminent hazards
Prevent unsafe congestion of sightseeing
aircraft
Protect VIP’s
Protect space agency operations
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Flying in TFR’s could be hazardous to
your health
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PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION!
Complete the programmed instruction in your
student handout at this time. You will need
AR 95-1 and the exerts out of FAR Part 91
in the back of your student handout.
NOTICE!!!
THIS PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION
IS TESTABLE MATERIAL!
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