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Preventive Maintenance
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• Preventive - That which tends to stop
undesired things from happening
• Maintenance - support, defense, upkeep
In other words if we do basic
upkeep and repairs on the car we
will prevent undesirable things
from happening
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Owner Manuals - why read?
Warning Lights??
Check engine - do we tow it in?
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SERVICE ENGINE SOON - do we
Lube the car and change the oil and
filter?
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Maintenance Required
• You need to change the oil and filter?
• Maybe emissions
• How do you reset the Light???
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Maintenance Required Light
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Check Gauges
• If a Light comes on telling you to check
your gauges Please check them.
• Example
• Voltmeter for low Battery Voltage
• Oil Pressure for Low Oil Pressure
• Temperature for a Hot engine
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What is
Tennis shoe mode?
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Tennis shoe mode is when you do
a poor job of Maintenance on
your car we hope you have
invested in a good pair of tennis
shoes for the long walk home.
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The 4 jobs of oil
•
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Seals
Cleans
Cools
Lubricates
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Service ratings
• Gasoline engines use a S rating (Service) for the
first letter. The second letter tells the current
service categories (A-N). You can also
remember this S for a Spark engine.
• Diesel Engines use a C rating (Commercial) for
the first letter. The next letters and numbers tells
the current service categories. You can also
remember this C for a Compression engine.
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Service ratings gas
SA- Straight mineral oil Do not use for engine oil
SB- Inhibited oil only Do not use for engine oil
SC- For cars and trucks 1964 – 1967 (Obsolete)
SD- For cars and trucks 1968 – 1971 (Obsolete)
SE _ For cars and trucks 1972 – 1979 (Obsolete)
SF _ For cars and trucks 1980 – 1988 (Obsolete)
SG _ For cars and trucks 1989 – 1993 (Obsolete)
SH - For cars and trucks 1994 – 1996 (Obsolete)
SJ - For cars and trucks 1997 – 2000 (Obsolete)
SL - For cars and trucks 2001 – 2004 (Obsolete)
SM - For cars and trucks 2005 – 2009
SN - For cars and trucks after 2010 may also be used for
all cars prior to those years.
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Service ratings diesel
CA- (Obsolete)
CB- (Obsolete)
CC - (Obsolete)
CD - (Obsolete)
CD-II - (Obsolete)
CE - (Obsolete)
CF-4 - (Obsolete)
CF-2 - (Obsolete)
CF - (Obsolete)
CG-4 - (Obsolete)
CH-4
CI-4 (Current)
CJ-4 (Current)
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• There are several web sites that keep up to date
information Google the latest info
• http://www.api.org/certifications/engineoil/inde
x.cfm
• http://www.carbibles.com/engineoil_bible.html
• http://www.apicj4.org/servicecategory_description.html
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Classifying oil
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SAE -Society of Automotive Engineers
API - American Petroleum Institute
W - Winter Grade
HD - High Detergency
30 -Single-Viscosity oil, viscosity being 30
10W-30 - Multi-Viscosity oil - 10W indicates
oil viscosity at low temperatures the 30
indicates the oil viscosity at normal engine
operating temperatures.
• ILSAC - International Lubricant
Standardization and Approval Committee
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Oil Label
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Oil viscosity
Defined as the - thickness or fluidity
of the oil, oil's ability to resist flow
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Oil viscosity
SAE
Viscosity
Grade
Cold Starting
Temperature
Conditions
Descriptions
5W-30
-13 F
Provides excellent fuel economy and low temperature
performance in most late model automobiles. Especially
recommended for new cars.
10W-30
0° F
Most frequently recommended viscosity grade for most
automobile engines, including high performance multi-valve
engines and turbo-charged engines.
10W-40
0° F
The first multi-grade introduced. A good choice for controlling
engine wear and preventing oil breakdown from oxidation due
to hotter-than-normal running conditions. Note: Always check
your owner's manual or warranty requirements before using
this grade.
20W-50
15° F
Provides maximum protection for high performance, high RPM
racing engines. Excellent choice for high temperature and
heavy loads such as driving in the desert or towing a trailer at
high speeds for long periods of time.
SAE 30
SAE 40
15° F
32° F
For cars and light trucks, where recommended by
manufacturers. Not recommended when cold temperature
starting is required.
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Oil viscosity
Some cars are now using a 5W-20
Oil. Please check your owners manual
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Fluid Levels - safety check
You should always be aware of the condition of your car.
Are all the fluid levels where they should be what about
high maintenance items such as hoses and belts. Do all
the lights work on the car. When was the last time you
checked your tires. Here are some things you should
check and be aware of.
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What oil should I buy?
• Personal preference?
• Check the label is it OK for your car?
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When should oil and filters be
changed?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1,000 - 7,500 in some owners manuals
I recommend about every 3,000 - 4,000 miles
depends on length of operation, Short or long trips
temperature of air and car engine
Condition of all filters - air, oil, fuel - PCV valve
driving conditions, paved road, off road, dust
Mt. St. Helens
Checking oil
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• When Checking oil on any vehicle or any fluid level remember
S
this tips.
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•
•
•
•
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface.
2. Make sure the vehicle is at normal operating temperature.
3. Wipe off dipstick and re-insert it into the dipstick tube.
4. I like to check engine oil also when it is cold to see if there is
any difference between hot and cold.
• 5. Check Weekly more often if the car burns or leaks oil.
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Checking oil
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Engine oil
• Check Weekly
• How dirty is it
• does it feel gritty between your fingers
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Drain Plugs
• Check the
drain plug and
gasket. There
are different
types.
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Drain Plug Gaskets
Nylon
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Copper
Nylon Ribbed
Aluminum
Fiber
• And even more types of gaskets
Crush
metal rubber
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Drain Plug Gaskets
A Change them before they Leak
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Transmission - automatic
• Check with the engine running - except newer
Honda’s check owners manual
• Engine should be hot
• On some Chrysler Cars it must be in neutral
• Check your dipstick or owners manual for type
• Some new cars have
No dipstick
Picture TundraSolutions.com
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Transmission - automatic
• TRANSMISSION FLUIDS
• Over the years, there have been a confusing
array of different ATF types and
specifications. Make sure the replacement
fluid meets or exceeds all OEM
requirements. Using the wrong type of fluid
may cause transmission problems and
damage.
Transmission Fluid Ford
P
H Type F -- Introduced by Ford in 1967 for their automatics.
S Type CJ -- Special fluid for Ford C6 transmissions. Similar to Dexron II. Must
not be used in automatics that require Type F. Can be replaced with Mercon or
A Mercon V.
U Type H -- Another limited Ford spec that differs from both Dexron and Type F.
T Can be replaced with Mercon or Mercon V.
O Mercon -- Ford fluid introduced in 1987, very similar to Dexron II. Okay for all
M earlier Fords except those that require Type F. As of July 1, 2007, the
O production and licensing of Mercon ATF by Ford ends. Ford says applications
T that require Mercon ATF can now be serviced with Mercon V. See Ford TSB
I 06144 for more information.
V Mercon V -- Replaces Mercon. Introduced in 1997 for Ranger, Explorer V6 and
E Aerostar, and 1998 & up Windstar, Taurus/Sable and Continental. This is the
current ATF for most late model Ford products. See Ford TSB 06144 for more
S information.
A Mercon SP -- Latest friction-modified ATF for Ford TorqShift Transmissions
L only. Do NOT use in transmissions that require Mercon or Mercon V. See Ford
S TSB 06144 for more information.
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Transmission Fluid GM
Type A – Real old GM
Dexron -- General Motors original ATF for automatics.
Dexron II -- Improved GM formula with better viscosity control
and additional oxidation inhibitors. Can be used in place of
Dexron.
Dexron IIE -- GM fluid for electronic transmissions.
Dexron III -- Replaces Dexron IIE and adds improved oxidation
and corrosion control in GM electronic automatics.
Dexron III (H) -- Improved version of Dexron III released in
2003.
Dexron III/Saturn -- A special fluid spec for Saturns.
Dexron-VI -- Introduced in 2006 for GM Hydra-Matic 6L80 6speed rear-wheel-drive transmissions. Dexron VI now replaces
Dexron III and II, and can be used in GM or import
transmissions that formerly specified Dexron III or II
Transmission Fluid Chrysler
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Chrysler 7176 -- For Chrysler FWD transaxles.
Chrysler 7176D (ATF+2) -- Adds improved cold temperature flow and oxidation
resistance. Introduced 1997.
Chrysler 7176E (ATF+3) -- Adds improved shear stability and uses a higher quality
base oil. Required for four-speed automatics (do NOT use Dexron or Mercon as a
substitute).
Chrysler ATF+4 (ATE) -- Introduced in 1998, ATF+4 is synthetic and replaces the
previous ATF+3 fluid. Used primarily for 2000 and 2001 vehicles, it can also be used in
earlier Chrysler transmissions (except 1999 and older minivans with 41TE/AE
transmission). ATF+3 should continue to be used for 1999 and earlier minivans because
of the potential for torque converter shudder during break in.
NOTE:Chrysler ATF+4 Must always be used in vehicles that were originally filled with
S ATF+4. The red dye used in ATF+4 is not permanent. As the fluid ages it may become
A darker or appear brown in color. ATF+4 also has a unique odor that may change with
age. Therefore, do not relay on the color and odor of ATF+4 to determine if the fluid
L
needs to be changed. Follow the OEM recommended service interval.
S Chrysler ATF+5 for 2002 and newer models
Thanks to NAPA for info on Transmission fluid
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Transmission Fluid Other Makes
• Other fluids: Toyota T-IV and WS, Allison
TES 295 and 389, Nissan Matic-D, Matic-J
and Matic-K, Honda Z-1, Mercedes NAG1, Mitsubishi Diamond SP-II and SP-III
• Dexron/Mercon ATF is also used by some
Mazda, Toyota and other import vehicles
• Check your owners manual Lots of different
ATF’s
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Transmission - Automatic
When changing oil pan and gasket if you find
this little plug. It was put in at the factory to seal
the dipstick hole. When the dipstick is install it
pushes it into the pan. Take it out and throw it
away or save it for a plug for a transmission you
have sitting in the shop
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Manual Transmission
• Read Owners Manual
What oil does it use?
• Dexron II or III ATF
• 30 or 50 Viscosity oil
• 80-90 GL-5 (GL = Gear Lube)
• Fill if level is below 1/2" of hole
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Trans Axle
• Read Owners Manual
What oil does it use?
• might have two separate reservoirs.
• Dexron II or III ATF
• 30 or 50 Viscosity oil
• 80-90 GL-5
• Fill if level is below 1/2" of hole
Transfer Case 4x4
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•
•
•
•
Read Owners Manual
30 Viscosity oil
80 - 90 GL-5
Dexron II or III
ATF
• DO NOT use
MerconV
Fill plug
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Transfer Case 4x4
Rear Axle
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• Read Owners Manual
• 80 - 90 or 140 GL-5
• limited slip or positraction use a
Hypoid gear Additive
Rear Axle
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• Use a 3/8 or ½ extension to remove the fill plug
Rear Axle
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• No drain plug, remove the back plate to drain fluid.
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Synthetic oil
• Some vehicles require a synthetic oil in
the rear axle, engine or Transmission.
• If it says synthetic oil you must use it.
• Please, Please, Please read your Owners
Manual
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Chassis Lube
• Types of grease
• Sealed and non sealed front end parts
Sealed
Non sealed
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Power steering
•
•
•
•
•
Read Owners Manual
Use power steering fluid
Marks for Hot and Cold - Engine off
Some Fords use ATF
Newer Fords use Mercon V
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Coolant level
•
•
•
•
What is it protected to
What is its PH rating
Is it rusty
For best aluminum protection,
change every other year.
• Green antifreeze
• Long life Orange or what color??
• See Power Point on under hood
Maintenance.
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Visual Inspection of the Battery
• Battery Electrolyte, That’s the fluid in the
battery made up of water and sulfuric acid?
• Is it low, high or just right
• Electrolyte - 64% water 36% Sulfuric acid
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Windshield washer fluid
• Make sure it is the blue fluid that is
protected to –25. Not water that will
freeze up and make you replace the
pump & all the lines and the reservoir
because you wanted to save a buck.
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Brake Fluid
• First of all it eats paint or just changes the color
of paint
• D.O.T. III, IV, V
• What color is it, does it need to be flushed
• What is the moisture content?
• Should be less then 2%.
• Read your Owners Manual to find out what you
should use.
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Tires
• What is the Air Pressure,
Read Owners Manual or look
on door post
• Check Weekly
• Examine for Physical defects
• Examine for funny wear patterns
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Belts
• Check for worn, glazed, cut, or frayed belts
• Make sure that the tension is not to tight or to
loose
• Make sure the pulleys are OK
• Check the belt tensioner
• Store an old belt in your trunk. If you took it
off your car you know it will fit and will get
you to the next town if need be.
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Hoses
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Check for
hard - will crack or break easy
swollen - oil soaked
chafed - belt rubbed or worn
burned - by exhaust manifold
soft - spongy inside deterioration
leaks - pinholes
hose clamps defective
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Fuses
• Glass
• ATO/ATC
• ATM or Mini
• Maxi
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Fuses
Female
Pal Fuse
Male
Pal Fuses
Bolt On
Pal Fuses
How to check fuses
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•
•
•
•
Test light
Voltmeter
Key must be on
Lights must be on to check fuses that run
any lights
• car must be running to check some fuses,
Such as Charging System
• Remember you must have power to both
sides for the fuse to be good. If no power
to either side something is not on.
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Checking lights
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Make sure all lights work
Headlamps – High & Low beam
Tail and park lights
Stop lights – High mount Stop lights
Turn signal – side markers
License plate – back up
Dome – Courtesy
Don’t forget dash, trunk & under hood lights
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Jump starting cars
•
•
•
•
I.D. of battery
positive Terminal is larger, can be red, +
negative Terminal is smaller, can be black, be careful of colors either battery cable can be
any color.
• # of cells x 2.1 = voltage most cars 12.6 volts
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Jump starting cars cont.
• positive to positive
• negative to negative
• Hook up negative cable last on car with
dead battery on a good ground. Not on
the battery. If sparks occur no Hydrogen
to blow up
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Wiper Blades
•
•
•
•
•
Different brands
Anco Trico Bosch
Should be changed about every six months
Measure for length
Watch video on how to replace
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Service Manuals
• Most manuals are online on the internet. The two
largest independents are Alldata and Mitchell, but
all the Factory’s have online manuals today.
• Books try these
• Motor http://www.motor.com/
• Chilton http://www.chilton.cengage.com/
• Mitchell https://www.mitchell.com/mitch/start.asp
• Factory Service Manuals (Search the internet)
• Haynes http://www.haynes.com/
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Packing Front Wheel Bearings
rear on FWD cars
•
•
•
•
•
Watch video from Timken
I like zero clearance - not tight, not loose
Use new seal, new cotter pin
check bearings for wear
clean and repack
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The End
Thanks to Valvoline for some of the information
http://www.valvoline.com/