SCHOOL GOVERNORS
ENERGY PLANNING GUIDANCE
ENERGY REDUCTION PLANNING
Michael Hubbard
Carbon reduction Advisor
www.hertsdirect.org
Contents
• Energy and CO2
• Developing energy awareness
• Types of energy saving measures
• Typical HCC school issues
• Capital funding options
• Getting access to funding
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Adopt an energy awareness culture
new school
building plant &
systems
capital loan
repaid by
savings
funded measure
installed
CO2
emissions
reduction
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best building use
behaviour, best
management
CO2 in relation to energy
• All energy use causes CO2 emissions, but…
• Emissions = units used x carbon emission factor
• 1kWhr unit Natural gas = 0.194kg CO2
• 1kWhr unit Heating oil = 0.284kg CO2
• 1kWhr unit Grid electricity = 0.544kg CO2
• Electricity is the worst polluter!
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Typical CO2 emission areas
• Averaged CO2 emissions from HCC schools
across infant / junior / secondary:
• 50% gas emissions from space / water heating
• 25% electrical emissions from fixed lighting
• 25% electric emissions from plug-load and fixed
pumps / fans etc (% increases with PC use)
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Creating an energy aware culture
• Simple energy saving behaviour is worth it:
• Good energy behaviour policy on sites without a
current policy can yield 10%+ CO2 reductions
• Energy saving behaviour remains worth it:
• Even efficient heating / lighting / equipment
must be managed well for optimum efficiency
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Energy behaviour action planning
• Templates exist for creating energy action
plans and reduction targets if required
• New AMR data will provide accurate recent data
going forward
• For annual baseline usage, use data from:
– 2009 (Jan-Dec) calendar yr bills, or
– 2010-2011 financial yr bills (pending…)
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No cost behavioural changes
• 10% CO2 reduction possible
• Minimise run time & temp of space heating
• Ditto for water heating if separately controlled
(and allowing microbial safety)
• Switch-off unused lights / PCs / projectors
• Close openings in cold weather unless
absolutely necessary *
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Low cost carbon reduction measures
• Single glazing made worse by draughts – seal!
• Exposed hot pipes can be insulated
• Solar reflective films can remove need for an
A/C solution to solar gain
• Local heating control to avoid the scenario of
heating on–windows open
- Local heater switch-off (or even better)
- room thermostats or TRVs
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Medium Cost measures
•Hot ICT rooms to use natural (or fan assisted)
ventilation rather than A/C
•Hot water in kitchens / hand-basins etc best if
water is heated locally and as used.
•Space and water heating controls best with
separate time / temperature control
•Masonry (cavity) walls best with injected foam
insulation
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Higher Cost Measures
• Time & temp heat controls with additional zone
control and weather compensation
• Update obsolete boilers to latest efficiencies of
90% (or up to 95%*).
• Update lighting with LED units which save 75%
against fluorescents (or more with additional
motion and light level detection controls
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Renewable electrical generation
• The Feed in Tariff (FIT) payment per kW
generated is additional to the benefit of
generated electricity offsetting grid supply.
• Photovoltaic (PV) – the easiest to fit and
operate - most viable type.
• Wind turbines – OK with wind! Subject to many
objections – often not viable
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Renewable heating systems
• The Renewable Heating Incentive (RHI)
scheme compensates for the extra cost over
conventional heating systems
• Solar thermal – summer hot water for showers
and pools.
• Biomass boilers – replacing oil or LPG. Needs
suitable fuel supply.
• Heat pumps - replacing oil, or allowing
regulation compliance in new build
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Typical building fabric problem
• No effective temperature “defence”
• Virtually no roof insulation
• No wall insulation
Roof heat
loss
• No thermal mass
SCHOOL
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Wall heat
loss
CEAC / HCC fabric construction
• Upgrade through
• Asset management plan
• Other pro-active options
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Roof insulation
• 100mm rigid foam slows heat loss 6x
• Total re-roofing within asset mgmnt plan are
forced by regulation to add 100mm insulation.
• Combined membrane / insulation / PV panel
installations may be possible as part of a PV
installation contract.
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Wall insulation
• Replace window wall with d/glazing & insulated
panels slows heat loss 4 x
• Upgrades are available as part of the asset
management plan for old & failing components
• Upgrades may proceed on a (50/50) capital
funded / loan repaid by savings basis, and
stretch use of capital elsewhere.
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Effective achievable CO2 measures
• Replacement of old gas boilers & controls with
more efficient new systems.
• Replace fluorescent lighting with LED units +
movement and LUX level sensors
• Behavioural changes to reduce electrical plugload (computers a major factor)
• Renewable electrical generation, or other low
carbon technologies*
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Lack of capital funding?
• Financial vehicles can fund provision of energy
reduction measures - no capital outlay
• Schools repay only at the rate of savings in
energy bills – no increase in total bills
• No immediate saving in bills either, but
immediate CO2 emission reductions
• On repayment of the loan (within 5 years)
reduced bills going forward
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Salix capital funding
• Government backed loan with 5 yr payback
(7 yrs if capital contributed)
• Repayments due after 1 yrs accrual of savings.
Salix compliant schemes include:
• LED lights / automatic sensor controls
• Main boilers
• Boiler controls
• Voltage reduction (larger sites)
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Non Salix Funding
• Evaluating the acceptability of non-Salix lease
purchase (HP) type funding.
• Typically applicable to:
• Photovoltaic panel (PV) schemes
• Replacement of window-walling
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Questions to clarify potential
• For addition to HCC property database information
School No.
School name
Pupil numbers?
Heating
Fuel for main space heating?
Fuel for main water heating?
Age / photo of space heat boiler?
Age / photo if central water heater
Age/photo of heating control panel
Are there local water heaters?
Other additional space heating?
local water heated as it is used, or
stored?
Number of gas meters?
Number of electric meters?
Gas automatic meter reader fitted?
Electric automatic meter reader fitted?
% Flat roof?
% pitched roof?
Flat roof general condition?
Pitch roof general condition?
Sq/m areas recently renewed?
Area orientated to S / SW / SE?
% of wall as window-wall type?
% of wall which are masonry type?
% (of window-wall) double-glazed?
% (of masonry wall) already insulated?
Are current lights fluorescent?
Were lights recently updated?
Are motion sensors fitted?
Are light intensity sensors fitted?
Energy supply
Roof types
Wall types
Lighting
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Process for funded measures
1. HCC adviser gives options on best measures
available
2. Fill an energy audit on HCCs Grid CRC page
3. HCC updates property database, and refers
the school to suitable suppliers / services
4. School decides what measures to pursue, and
engages directly
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THANK YOU
• Please remember….
• Set up & MAINTAIN a best behaviour culture in
use of building energy.
• Take advantage of additional funded capital
measures as available to your school
• Refer to HCC website CRC page for ongoing
advice and new opportunities.
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SALIX project feedback
Case study evaluation (to follow)
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Contacts
• Cantact your Carbon Reduction Advisor at:
Mike.hubbard@hertscc.gov.uk
Tel:01992555305
• Visit the HCC CRC website page
thegrid.org.uk/leadership/sustainability/crc/
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QUESTIONS TO CLARIFY
• Purchasing and finance to agree allowable procedures
Finance leases deemed acceptable for schools? Ref
new schools “updata” system via AFM.
• Agree non-salix “stretched” capital on 50% repayment
through savings and 50% capital funding
• Agree possible exotic combinations PV / roof membrane
/ insulation / pitched roof systems with gov. subsidy FIT
payments.
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Q & A FAQs
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