LANDFORMS

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LANDFORMS

OF OUR WORLD

Earth’s Layers

Earth is divided into three layers.

The outer layer is called the crust.

Beneath the crust lies the mantle.

The core is the innermost layer

Landforms

The solid features formed on Earth’s crust.

Other features include bodies of water.

Crustal movement and other tectonic activity inside Earth create landforms; mountains, faults, sinks, and volcanos.

Many landforms are shaped by water and wind that carve and erode land surfaces, carrying and depositing soil, sand and other debris.

Topographic maps and models are used to represent landforms and help scientists better understand objects and processes.

Archipelago

Delta

Mountain

Swamp

Source

Canyon

Pond

Estuary

Bay

Desert

Peninsula

Sea

River

Fjord

Prairie

Dune

Landforms

Strait &

Canal

Gulf

Plateau

Mesa

Tundra

Geyser

Tributary

Savanna

Cape

Island

Plain

Oasis

Lake

Lagoon

Volcano

Reef

Channel

Isthmus

Sound

Valley

Butte

Glacier

Waterfall

Marsh

archipelago

 ahr-kuh-pel-uh-goh

A group or chain of islands in a large body of water

Aegean Islands

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bay

A bay is a body of water that is partly enclosed by land (and is usually smaller than a gulf).

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The bay at San Sebastian, Spain.

A butte is a flat-topped rock or hill formation with steep sides.

butte

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Butte near Sedona, Arizona.

canyon

A canyon is a deep valley with very steep sides often carved from the

Earth by a river.

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View from the North Rim of the Grand

Canyon.

cape

A cape is a pointed piece of land that sticks out into a sea, ocean, lake, or river.

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The Cape of Good Hope; looking towards the west, from the coastal cliffs above Cape Point.

peninsula

A peninsula is a LARGER body of land that is surrounded by water on three sides

A peninsula in Croatia.

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channel

A channel is a body of water that connects two larger bodies of water

(like the English

Channel). A channel is also a part of a river or harbor that is deep enough to let ships sail through

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Satellite view of the English Channel

strait and canal

Strait- A passageway of water connecting two large bodies of water.

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Canal- A constructed channel filled with water used for navigation, irrigation, or drainage.

delta

A delta is a low, watery land formed at the mouth of a river. It is formed from the silt, sand and small rocks that flow downstream in the river and are deposited in the delta. A delta is often (but not always) shaped like a triangle (hence its name, delta, a Greek letter that is shaped like a triangle).

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Nile River Delta

desert

A desert is a very dry area.

Erg Chebbi,

Morocco

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oasis

 a fertile or green area in an arid region (as a desert)

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The Sahara Desert extends into southern Tunisia and covers about 40 percent of the country’s land area.

Camels are still used as a means of transportation in some parts of the desert, such as at this oasis near

Dūz

dune

A dune is a hill or a ridge made of sand. Dunes are shaped by the wind, and change all the time

Mesquite Flat Dunes in Death Valley

National Park

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estuary

An estuary is where a river meets the sea or ocean.

Rio de la Plata

Estuary

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fjord

A fjord is a long, narrow sea inlet that is bordered by steep cliffs.

Geirangerfjord in

Norway

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geyser

A geyser is a natural hot spring that occasionally sprays water and steam above the ground.

Strokkur Geyser,

Iceland

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glacier

A glacier is a slowly moving river of ice.

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The Upper

Grindelwald Glacier and the Schreckhorn, in Switzerland, showing accumulation and ablation zones

gulf

A gulf is a part of the ocean (or sea) that is partly surrounded by land (it is usually larger than a bay).

Gulf of Mexico in

3D perspective.

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hill

A hill is a raised area or mound of land.

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The panoramic view from Connors

Hill, near Swifts Creek, Victoria

island

An island is a piece of land that is surrounded by water.

A small island in the

Adriatic Sea.

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isthmus

An isthmus is a narrow strip of land connecting two larger landmasses. An isthmus has water on two sides.

The Isthmus of

Panama connects

North and South

America.

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lagoon

A lagoon is a shallow body of water that is located alongside a coast.

Nearly half the area of Kiritimati is covered with lagoon, some being freshwater and some seawater.

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lake

A lake is a large body of water surrounded by land on all sides. Really huge lakes are often called seas.

One of the many artificial lakes in

Arizona at sunset.

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marsh

A marsh is a type of freshwater, brackish water or saltwater wetland that is found along rivers, pond, lakes and coasts. Marsh plants grow up out of the water.

Freshwater marsh in

Florida.

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mesa

A mesa is a land formation with a flat area on top and steep walls - usually occurring in dry areas.

Several mesas near

Los Alamos, New

Mexico

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mountain

A mountain is a very tall high, natural place on

Earth - higher than a hill. The tallest mountain on Earth is Mt. Everest.

Mount Damavand, in winter, Iran

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ocean

An ocean is a large body of salt water that surrounds a continent. Oceans cover more the two-thirds of the Earth's surface

Bathymetric map of the Indian

Ocean

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plain

Plains are flat lands that have only small changes in elevation

Moghan plain,

East Azarbaijan

Province, Iran

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plateau

A plateau is a large, flat area of land that is higher than the surrounding land.

Monte Roraima in

Venezuela, Brazil and Guyana

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pond

A pond is a small body of water surrounded by land. A pond is smaller than a lake.

A garden pond.

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prairie

A prairie is a wide, relatively flat area of land that has grasses and only a few trees.

Konza Prairie in

Kansas in spring with herd of bison in distance

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river

A river is a large, flowing body of water that usually empties into a sea or ocean.

Mississippi river in New Orleans

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sea

A sea is a large body of salty water that is often connected to an ocean. A sea may be partly or completely surrounded by land.

Satellite image of the

Black Sea

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sound

A sound is a wide inlet of the sea or ocean that is parallel to the coastline; it often separates a coastline from a nearby island

Puget Sound and Mt. Rainier of Washington

State, USA

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source

A source is the beginning of a river.

River Wey near it’s source at Farringdon,

Hampshire

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swamp

A swamp is a type of freshwater wetland that has spongy, muddly land and a lot of water.

Many trees and shrubs grow in swamps.

A freshwater swamp in

Florida.

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tributary

A tributary is a stream or river that flows into a larger river.

The Mosel flows into the Rhein at

Koblenz.

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tundra

A tundra is a cold, treeless area; it is the coldest biome.

Arctic tundra on

Wrangel Island,

Russia.

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valley

A valley is a low place between mountains.

U-shaped valley in Glacier

National Park in

Montana, United States.

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volcano

A volcano is a mountainous vent in the Earth's crust. When a volcano erupts, it spews out lava, ashes, and hot gases from deep inside the Earth.

Mount St. Helens in

May 1980, shortly after the eruption of

May 18.

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waterfall

When a river falls off steeply, there is a waterfall.

Havasu Falls, near Supai,

Arizona, is an example of a plunge waterfall.

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Ridge of sand, rock, or coral that lies at or near the surface of a sea or ocean.

reef

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Pamalican island with surrounding reef, Sulu Sea,

Philippines.

savanna

An area of grassland and scattered trees.

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Acacia savanna south of Fada N'Gourma, Burkina Faso.

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