Sustainable Lighting
Parking Garage
ECO Parking Lights and INFINITI Energy Partners
Why is Lighting important?
Lighting is the largest source of energy consumption in a parking garage and
Is the obvious first choice to address when desiring to reduce energy spend.
Historical Lighting Technologies
Fluorescent
T12 Fluorescent
8’ double = 243 watts per fixture
10,000 to 20,000 hour life
Historical Lighting Technologies
HID (High Intensity Discharge)
Metal Halide
175 watts = 208 watts per fixture
15,000 to 20,000 hour life
High Pressure Sodium
150 watts = 180 watts per fixture
20,000 hour life
Historical Lighting Technologies
HID (High Intensity Discharge)
Lamp & Ballast designed to turn off at least one time
per day, or suffer premature depreciation
Historical Lighting Technologies
New Considerations
Lighting
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Color Properties
To define light source color properties, the lighting industry predominantly
relies on two metrics, correlated color temperature (CCT), commonly used
as an indication of the apparent “warmth” or “coolness” of the light emitted by
a source, and color rendering index (CRI), an indication of the light source’s
ability to make objects appear natural.
These two metrics, developed in the last century, are facing increased
challenges and criticisms as new types of light sources, become more
prevalent in the market.
Historical Lighting Technologies
HID (High Intensity Discharge) – Metal Halides
Color shift of Metal Halides
Depreciation of Metal Halides
Historical Lighting Technologies
HID (High Intensity Discharge) – High Pressure Sodium
Example of CRI and Color Temperature
High Pressure Sodium
ECO Quad Induction
150 watt 9 foot-candles
100 watt 6 foot-candles
Today’s Low Energy Technologies of
Parking Garage Lighting
Today’s Low Energy Technologies of
Parking Garage Lighting
Any of the three lighting choices that I will be discussing may be valid and a good
choice for your parking facilities.
It is important to choose a lighting manufacturer that has a solid history with solid
references.
Also, consider using suppliers that have more than one type of lighting solution.
Your provider should be able to offer the best lighting solution that makes sense for
a particular property in a particular market.
It is helpful to do a multi-fixture demonstration of the various lighting types as well
as various lighting manufacturers before moving forward. All are NOT equal.
General commentary on imported products
Even if you win a lawsuit against a Chinese lighting manufacturer, unless
the manufacturer has significant US holdings, there is no recourse in the
US against such a company, your only recourse is against the importer.
What is Green about Fluorescent?
Green Advantages
• Lowest first cost
• Low energy – approx. ½ of MH,HPS and T12
• Long life vs. MH and HPS – 2 times length
• Low CO2 emissions – about .84 metric tons per fixture per year
• Reduced mercury content vs. MH and HPS
• Good warranty – 5 year ballast
• Major players in lamp technology: Sylvania and Philips
• Instant on/off
Fluorescent available in T8 and T5
Compact Fluorescents (CFLs) are not included in this category
Fluorescent installation
What is not so Green about Fluorescent?
Green Disadvantages
• Highest installation cost (approx. $95 per fixture)
• Field assembly required
• Reduced performance in very cold climates and open installations if fixture is not designed
for cold climates. Typically, T8 is best for cold climates, T5 for warmer climates
• Hi maintenance due to size of fixtures, number of lamps per fixture, and perimeter length,
can be a bug collector
•IESNA min/max standards of 10:1 very difficult to meet in a one-for-one replacement
(necessary to qualify for EPACT2005)
•Poor end distribution, must design for it
•New construction requires more fixtures per square foot than HID, Induction or LED
•May need to replace fixture midlife of other technologies
What is not so Green about Fluorescent?
Poor end distribution off of Fluorescent shown in this actual
demonstration installation.
Fluorescents are on a 2-2-2-2 pattern
Inductions are on a 2-1-2-1 pattern
Despite extra Fluorescents, spread is challenged
What is Green about Induction?
Green Advantages
• Low energy – approx. ½ of MH, HPS and T12
• Long life vs. MH and HPS – 6 to 7 times length
• Low CO2 emissions – about .84 metric tons per fixture per year
• Reduced mercury content vs. MH and HPS
• Good warranty – 5 year ballast and lamp (parts and labor)
• Major recognizable players: Sylvania and Philips
• Long life makes it Most Sustainable of all options
• Lowest installation cost with quick mount (approx. $35 per fixture)
• Great in cold climates (start at -40C/-40F)
• Instant on/off
• Excellent for a one-to-one replacement well within IESNA min/max
Induction installation – Frederick, MD
What is not so Green about Induction?
Green Disadvantages
• Higher first cost than Fluorescent
• Lesser output than some other options
• Lesser known and Chinese imports can give bad name
•Osram Sylvania patent infringement lawsuit on “Racetrack” design
What is Green about LED?
Green Advantages
• NO mercury content!
• Low energy – approx. 60% of MH, HPS and T12
•Very efficient distribution due to point source light
• Long life vs. MH and HPS – 3 to 6 times length
• Low CO2 emissions – about 1.2 metric tons per fixture per year
• Longer life makes it Sustainable
• Lower installation cost than Fluorescent
• Great in cold climates
• Instant on/off
• Excellent for a one-to-one replacement well within IESNA min/max
• Has a new hi-tech appeal – Lindsey Lumen!
LED Installation
What is not so Green about LED?
Green Disadvantages
• Highest first cost
• Some have lesser output than other options
• Lesser known and Chinese imports can give bad name
• History has not defined it’s performance yet
•Heat sensitive – traditional fixtures do not have proper heat sink
• Warranties are all over the place
• Predicted life is all over the place 50K, 100K?
• Sample installations with mixed results
• If LED is not shielded properly, can be objectionable – “Glare”
•LED tubes – poor performers with no history
What is not so Green about LED?
LED Indoor and Parking Lot and Area Lighting Not Ready for
The U.S. Air Force
5.1.1. The Chief Electrical Engineer has also determined LED
luminaires are not permitted for exterior applications by UFC 3530-01, Chapter 7. Only metal halide, induction, low-pressure
sodium, or high-pressure sodium lamps are to be used in
parking lots or area lighting.
7.1. To determine the reliability, maintainability, and
appropriateness of LED technology for interior and exterior
lighting systems, bases that have already installed LED
luminaires before the September 2009 moratorium on LED
installation shall provide quarterly reports that assess fixture
performance.
What about CFLs and LED Tubes?
CFLs
Low first cost
Very short life
Warm up period
Temperature sensitive
Lesser performance (lumens per watt)
Do a field test before considering
LED Tubes
Newest kid on the block
No history – what there is – indicates a short life
T8 or T5 has longer life and is a fraction of the cost
Linear limitations like fluorescent
Do a field test before considering
How can I pay for a lighting retrofit?
• One to one replacements pay off in most markets
between 2 to 4 years
•EPACT2005 tax credits through 2012
•Municipal lease rates remain attractive
•Many legitimate lighting and energy companies offer
full financing at attractive rates
•Utility rebates – free money
•Stimulus funds
Questions?