When Grids gets smart
Claes Rytoft
Senior Vice President ABB
World Forum on Energy Regulation IV
Athens, Greece
October 18 - 21, 2009
Electricity consumption set to
double by 2030
E le c tric ity G e n e ra tio n
4 0 '0 0 0
40,000
• Avg. global annual
growth rate 2.5 %
• Highest growth rate
in Asia :4.5 %
• China to consume
more than US
before 2015
Terawatt hours (TWh)
3 5 '0 0 0
in T W h
3 030,000
'0 0 0
2 5 '0 0 0
2 020,000
'0 0 0
1 5 '0 0 0
1 010,000
'0 0 0
5 '0 0 0
0
1990
1990
2004
2004
2015
2015
2030
2030
Electricity consumption growth/yr 2006-30 in %
Electricity consumption in kWh per capita
18'000
Japan
15'000
OECD Europe
12'000
North America
9'000
Brazil
6'000
Middle East
World avg: 3,240
3'000
China
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
US
A
Ja
pa
n
Ru
ss
Ge i a
r
So man
y
ut
h
Af
ric
a
Bu
l ga
ria
M
al a
ys
ia
Ch
i na
Br
az
il
Ira
q
Al
ge
ri a
In
di a
0%
Ca
na
da
0
India
Source: IEA,
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Annual emission of CO2 in Gigatons
Climate change concerns
need to be addressed
550*
policy
scenario
45
450*
policy
scenario
40
9%
14%
35
23%
Nuclear
CCS
Renewables
Energy efficiency
30
54%
25
20
2005
* ppm concentration in the atmosphere
2010
Reference scenario
2015
2020
550 policy scenario
2025
2030
Source
IEA 2008
450 policy scenario
Energy efficiency and renewable power can
provide almost 80 percent of the targeted reduction
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Fundamental changes in
power supply are coming
More renewable power
generation
Energy efficiency
Distributed and intermittent
generation
Customer pricing expected to
foster demand responses
Impact on grid stability and efficiency
Grids of the future will be different from those of the past
 Open for all types and sizes of generation technologies
 Integrating demand side in system operation
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
traditional grids
Evolution of grid design
From traditional to future grids
•
•
•
•
•
future grids
•
•
•
•
•
•
Centralized power generation
One-directional power flow
Generation follows load
Operation based on historical
experience
Limited grid accessibility for new
producers
Centralized and distributed power
generation
Intermittent renewable power generation
Consumers become also producers
Multi-directional power flow
Load adapted to production
Operation based more on real-time data
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Impact of Smart Grids example of challenges
Generators:
– Optimize ‘spinning reserves’ with
increased amount of renewables
Transmission utilities:
– Maintain grid stability with increased
amount of renewables
– Reduce transmission losses
Distribution utilities:
– Maintain protection system integrity
with increased amount of renewables
– Demand Response and real time price
information
– Reduce distribution losses
Consumers:
– Optimize electricity consumption –
home automation (incl. local generation
PV, vehicle,….)
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Impact of Smart Grids –
example of challenges
Source : Statnett
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Balancing the need for more
power with lower climate impact
Connecting
grids
Renewables
integration
Demand
response
Plug-in
vehicles
Power flow
control
More power
Key enabler:
ICT - Information & Control Technologies
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Demand response
DSO
NCC (control room)
Consumer
Bi-directional
communication
Home Energy
Management
System
Electrical connection
• Consumer interaction and services
• Improved load management
• Enhanced reliability
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Example SmartGrid projects
from ABB
BorWin 1
Off shore wind park
HVDC Grid Connection,
Germany
-Lowers CO2 emissions
by ~1.5 mill. t/yr by
replacing fossil-fuel
generation
2000 km HVDC line to
connect hydro power,
China
-93% efficiency
-Savings vs AC line
enough to supply power to
more than 1 million
consumers in China
PV Solar plant in Spain
- Produces 2.2 GWh/yr,
displaces 2,200t
greenhouse gas
emissions p.a.
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Future scenario:
Solar power from Sahara
Surface of Sahara
9 million km2
Area needed to
produce all European
electricity
18 000 km2
Area needed for all
world energy 650 000
km2
Connecting large scale solar-based generation eg,
deserts, with distant load centers via an efficient
transmission system like HVDC
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Do smart grids matter?
Source: DoE and NETL
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009